Wages of regular and irregular workers, the price of education, and income inequality

In this paper, we develop a model characterized by skill-biased technological change and increasing costs of education to investigate income inequality. Irregular workers cannot escape poverty by commencing investment in education because wage inequality between regular and irregular workers widens and the price of education increases with the average level of education. Moreover, if the productivity of elementary education is low relative to that of higher education, middle-income individuals are eventually unable to pursue higher education because the threshold for education expenditure rises with the price of education. Thus, income inequality may widen, even among regular workers.     

The ingestion in wolf spiders II. The expression of degree of hunger and amount of ingestion in relation to spider's hunger

Summary To express the degree of hunger during both of feeding and unfeeding periods of spiders, equations for the amount of ingestion and food disappearance from the gut were presented using three components: capacity of gut, rate of ingestion and rate of food disappearance. The degree of hunger was expressed by the rate of unfilled capacity of gut to the capacity of gut based on these equations. The rates of ingestion and food disappearance were estimated from the results of experiment with a wolf spider,Pardosa laura. The equations obtained well applied to the experimental result. By changing values of these rates, it was revealed that the ratio of rates of ingestion to food disappearance determine the amount of ingestion.     

Strategic management in major Japanese hightech companies

Since the early 1980s, there has been remarkable progress in advanced technology in Japan and in leading Western countries. What is the present situation in technological development in major Japanese industries and what are the implications for strategic management? The author describes how Japanese industries have harnessed new technologies and suggests a number of concepts which underly these trends. Given the imperatives of advanced technology, he emphasizes the importance of positioning the technology development strategy in the context of strategic management paying particular attention to developing an open organizational culture through a flexible corporate planning system.     

Homeless Consulting Network

The study of migrants in their new environments is often a useful means of investigating environmental influences on health Migrants have been found to develop higher rates of mental illness compared to their counterparts who remain at home. These deleterious effects of migration have been attributed to selection factors and stressful life experiences. Migration from an agricultural and traditional society to an urban industrial society where value systems can be demanding, often leads to role strain and role conflict. These kinds ofincongruities are the beginning of a series of stressful experiences that contribute to poor health/mental health status. The extent to which one experiences stress is dependent on a number of factors. First, it depends on the perceived difference between home and the new environment. Second, it depends on the cultural homogeneity of the new environment that is, the extent to which the migrant is readily assimilated into the new culture or is able to maintain a traditional lifestyle by living in an ethnic enclave, and the psychological resources available to successfully access services in the new environment. This paper examines the rates, incidence, and prevalence of schizophrenia found in Caribbean..bom immigrants to Britain, and first- and second..generation people of Caribbean background born in Britain. It is argued that Afro..Caribbean people in England are overrepresented in the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Factors that may contribute to this finding range from unemployment, social disadvantage status, social adversity, racism in the health and criminal justice systems, and misdiagnosis.     

日本横滨大同学校之创立

日本横滨大同学校是康有为、梁启超等维新派和孙中山、陈少白等革命派共同创办的华侨子弟教育机构。以前的研究由于资料不足和革命派与维新派的记载互有出入，所以关于大同学校的创办日期众说纷纭，正确的说法应该是分别从“创立”、“开校”两个不同层面来判断。日本大同学校的创立不仅反映了革命派与维新派的不同教育价值观，也折射出清末政治的潮起潮落。     

鉴真东渡及其影响

鉴真自唐赴日传播戒律是众所周知的史实,以鉴真东渡为线索可以窥视当时的日唐关系。鉴真僧团前五次东渡均试图利用民船,可以推测8世纪日唐之间存在着民间往来。围绕着鉴真至日后的授戒,僧侣间出现了对立,这与当时的政治状况密切相关。鉴真用来创建唐招提寺的寺地,是继承新田部亲王宅地的盐烧王被贬为臣籍之后被没收为官地的。鉴真携带的天台典籍是最澄创建天台宗的前提。鉴真东渡遭遇的苦劳昭示了日唐间渡航的危险。     

Strength-training behavior and perceived environment among Japanese older adults

The authors examined the relationship between strength-training behavior and perceived environment in older Japanese adults. An Internet-based survey was conducted of 293 adults age 68.2 ± 2.8 yr. The dependent variable was regular strength-training behavior. The IPAQ environment module, access to facilities for strength training, and home equipment for strength training were environmental factors. Logistic-regression analysis was employed. After demographic variables (gender, age, educational background, household income, body-mass index, self-rated health status, smoking habit, and residential area) were adjusted for, home equipment for strength training (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.50-3.06), access to facilities for strength training (OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.32-4.85), and observing active people (OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.06-4.58) were positively correlated with regular strength-training behavior. In conclusion, environmental factors associated with strength-training behavior were access to facilities for strength training, having home equipment for strength training, and observing active people.