Objectives. How is government spending used strategically in South Korea and Taiwan? As nations generally considered to have weathered democratization, government allocations in South Korea and Taiwan are instructive on how spending may be used strategically without undermining democratization. Methods. The similar sociocultural, historical, political, and economic experiences of the two nations underlie a most‐similar‐systems approach to study how their differences influence diversity in strategic spending and, correspondingly, political outcomes such as size of the government party in the legislature. This article evaluates defense and civilian expenditures for South Korea and Taiwan from 1975 to 2006. Results. Three results are interesting. First, different elections—legislative elections in South Korea, presidential elections in Taiwan—lead to increases in spending. Second, in both nations, defense spending increases in election years but not social spending; however, defense spending benefits the government‐party in the legislature in South Korea but not in Taiwan. Third, when the strategic uses of spending are accounted for, democratization does not directly affect allocations. Conclusions. These results explicate that government spending is a viable resource for party building in new democracies; however, the results also underscore that governing parties in new democracies benefit from spending only insofar as it is used to build the nation's or party's strengths—not undermine the opposition—under competitive elections. 相似文献
An allegation of negligence or an adverse outcome during childbirth can lead to clinical investigation of a midwife’s practice. Anecdotal evidence suggests midwives find this stressful and disturbing.
Aim
Synthesise the evidence relating to midwives’ experiences of investigation and the effects on clinical practice and personal wellbeing.
Methods
Two database searches were conducted between 2015 and 2016 to identify primary research published between 1990 and 2016. Studies were evaluated for quality using standard instruments.
Findings
Despite numerous references to ‘litigation’ in peer-reviewed journals, little substantive research related specifically to midwives. 11 inclusions comprised three qualitative studies (one with two publications), reporting litigation experiences of midwives and seven quantitative studies (four research groups), identifying risk liability through cyclic surveys of midwives and law reports. Failure to identify deterioration in foetal well-being was a common finding among researchers examining reasons for litigation. Experienced midwives were at highest risk of litigation. Researchers found high levels of distress and abreaction among participants who either stopped working in birth suite or left midwifery. They also identified a level of ambiguity around defensive practices associated with fear of litigation.
Conclusion
There is little research regarding experiences of midwives and clinical investigation. Midwives under investigation need appropriate support. Continuing to work during prolonged investigative processes is stressful as reported by midwives who described being “ill-equipped” and “unprepared.” Midwives in the review preferred the support of colleagues over counsellors. Educators, employers and regulators need to work collaboratively and incorporate reflective practice in targeted support. 相似文献
Research on the size–job rewards relationship emphasizes extrinsic rewards that are typically more prevalent in large, complex organizations. We examine whether certain intrinsic rewards are more characteristic of small firms and shift the focus from manufacturing industries to professional service (law) firms. We find that small is not entirely beautiful. Smaller firms offer more autonomy but no more challenging work or better coworker relations, whereas larger firms offer lucrative salaries, enhanced benefits, and greater promotional opportunities. Our results challenge the compensating differential explanation whereby large firms offer superior extrinsic rewards to compensate for a shortfall of instrinsic job rewards. 相似文献
This article presents findings from an Australian study of veteran homelessness (Hilferty, Katz et al. 2019). The AHURI Inquiry into Homelessness Amongst Australian Veterans was funded by the Department of Veterans' Affairs (DVA) to estimate the number of homeless veterans and to examine veterans' pathways into homelessness, service usage patterns and ways that service responses may be improved. This article presents the prevalence findings and describes the method employed by the research team. Drawing on primary data and extrapolating results to a larger sample of veterans, the researchers estimate that approximately 5,800 contemporary veterans experience homelessness over a 12‐month period in Australia. This estimate – the first ever to be based on primary data – indicates that veteran homelessness is a much larger problem than previously estimated and deserves priority attention from policymakers and sectoral representatives. 相似文献
The reissue of Orlando Patterson’s Slavery and Social Death provides an opportunity to reflect on developments in studies of slavery, postcolonial sociology, and comparative-historical sociology since the book’s initial release in 1982. In this special issue of Theory and Society, contributors from ancient history, anthropology, and sociology examine the book’s broader intellectual significance by situating it in Patterson’s corpus, covering a range of works including his fiction and scholarly publications, early work on Jamaican slave revolts, and private correspondence with key thinkers. The volume’s ambit, then, is not a single book but rather a broader field of social thought. As the articles in this issue demonstrate, the concepts and theories introduced by Patterson are still vital. In some ways, we argue, a Pattersonian sociology has only recently come to its full fruition, thanks to ongoing developments in postcolonial studies, critical race studies, anthropological and historical study of slavery, globalization studies, and feminist theory.
The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of parents and co-parents where one parent was diagnosed with cancer with specific interest in the impact of the disease on their role as a parent and the supports that were found to be useful in managing the ongoing care of their children. A qualitative research method using semi-structured interviews and thematic network analysis techniques was used. Participants included adult English-speaking parents receiving treatment for a new diagnosis of cancer at a major tertiary oncology research and treatment centre, with prior social work involvement. Participants reported multiple, complex layers of need. Four salient themes were evident: (a) emotional impact of a cancer diagnosis on the patient, (b) accessing professional supports, (c) children’s understanding, and (d) meeting children’s needs. Parents described difficulties in managing emotionally, physically, and existentially. Accessing supports within the healthcare service and community was paramount, as was guidance around communicating with children. Receiving a proactive service from a social worker was highly regarded. The results demonstrate that it is essential to respond to the needs of parents with cancer in order to minimise prolonged emotional distress. 相似文献
While women have been described in various disciplines as the kin keepers of family relationships, empirical data show that the greatest rivalry in newly constructed heterosexual families exists between two women: the mother-in-law and the daughter-in-law. Numerous rituals are employed across cultures in order to ease the expected tension between these two rival women. Yet, the topic seems to have been overlooked by feminist and family therapy research alike. Inspired by Bowen's (1978) concept of differentiation of self and Linn's (1998) and Gilligan's (Linn & Gilligan, 1990) ideas of the resisting self, the present study examines these female rivals as moral critics in the war zone of the family. The study sample consists of 14 mothers-in-law, daughters-in-law, and sons/husbands, belonging to five Israeli families of diverse cultural origin. Gilligan's Listening Guide was used to assess how participants saw the dilemmas of their situation, adopted a critical distance, and formed an authoritative moral voice. 相似文献
The focus of this paper is on a microeconomic analysis of the annual transition rate from temporary to permanent work of individual
workers in Canada for the period 1999–2004. Given that a large proportion of temporary employment is involuntary, an understanding
of the factors associated with the transition to permanent work may inform public policy. Factors associated with the transition,
namely, human capital, household structures and labour market segmentation are analyzed using data from the Statistics Canada’s
Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) for the period 1999–2004, limited to paid workers aged 20–64 years, excluding students. Among the key factors associated
with the transitions are younger age and low unemployment rates. The analysis adds to the Canadian and international literature
on transitions from temporary to permanent work.
Analysis of casual work in British Columbia is an important issue given that the increase in casual work has been greater
in this province than in other provinces in Canada and given that the labour market has been substantially deregulated since
2001. In this paper, we analyse how individuals’ casual employment status affects their economic security based on a specially
designed survey undertaken by the authors. We follow the ILO’s classification of the dimensions of economic security but,
based on our findings, add a further dimension—Time security—As being of particular importance to casual workers. On the basis
of these results, we analyse the policy interventions that might be necessary to increase the economic security of casual
workers, policies which we suggest can best be conceptualized as providing a “security quilt”.