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51.
Tom Luster Laura Bates Hiram Fitzgerald Marcia Vandenbelt Judith Peck Key 《Journal of marriage and the family》2000,62(1):133-146
The purpose of this study was to describe how the experiences and circumstances of the most successful children born to low‐income adolescent mothers differed from the experiences and circumstances of the least successful children over the first 54 months of their lives. Success was defined as scoring in the top quartile for this sample on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test‐Revised (PPVT‐R) when the children were 54 months old and about to make the transition to kindergarten. The experiences of the 22 children with the highest scores on the PPVT‐R were contrasted with the experiences of the 22 children who had the lowest scores on the PPVT‐R for this sample. The two groups differed markedly on measures of caregiving and home environment assessed when the children were 12, 24, 36, and 54 months old. In addition, mothers of the most successful children achieved more years of education, were more likely to be employed, had fewer children on average, tended to live in more desirable neighborhoods, and were more likely to be living with a male partner. Case studies are also presented on four families (two from the most successful group and two from the least successful group) to further illustrate how the experiences and circumstances of children in the two groups differed. 相似文献
52.
Carol Ting Richard Fitzgerald 《International Journal of Social Research Methodology》2020,23(3):329-345
ABSTRACTContrary to its typical presentation in scientific publications as a certain and linear process, in reality, the experimental method, not least the design aspect of it, requires a great deal of trial-and-error and ad hoc decision-making on the part of the researchers. This uncertain and contingent aspect of research, although little known outside of the circle of experts, has important implications for our understanding of the nature of science and scientific findings.This paper offers a backstage perspective to experiment design, where the uncertain and contingent nature of experimental research is at its starkest. It draws on insights from the sociological perspective of ethnomethodology through the auto-ethnographic first-hand experience of the first author's own social psychology experiments. Based on detailed lab notes and planning documents on how and why design changes were made, the analysis focuses on the evolution of the experiment design, particularly the researcher’s in situ practical reasoning for how to make the experiment work. From this, we show how ethno-methods shape experiment results and highlight the inseparability of social science experimentation from in situ practical reasoning. 相似文献
53.
Heather J. Fitzgerald 《Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work》2019,38(4):415-427
ABSTRACTThis article explores the research on peer-to-peer dialogue in higher education, including the innovative practice of intergroup dialogue and other practices such as nonviolent communication and contemplative listening. I then describe an activity I do with my community college students, in a context where lack of time and other resources do not allow a more resource-intensive dialogue practice. I ask them to experience dialogue with several free, easily available resources, including nonviolent communication, contemplative practice, and public radio podcasts from On Being, then have a conversation outside of class in which they mostly practice deeply listening to someone with different political beliefs than they have. They may make a brief attempt at dialogue or nonviolent communication. I discuss how my activity may accomplish some of the goals of intergroup dialogue and be useful where students are learning about diversity and inequality across social divides, including in social work education and sustainability education. I nest this activity in a course that involves some contemplative practice, to explore how both sustainability education and the social justice component of social work may benefit from contemplative practice. Finally, I detail some other resources about hope and despair that support this activity. 相似文献
54.
Holly E. Brophy‐Herb Rachel F. Schiffman Erika London Bocknek Sara B. Dupuis Hiram E. Fitzgerald Mildred Horodynski Esther Onaga Laurie A. Van Egeren Barbara Hillaker 《Social Development》2011,20(1):73-92
Early social‐emotional development occurs in the context of parenting, particularly via processes such as maternal emotion socialization and parent–child interactions. Results from structural equation modeling indicated that maternal contingent responsiveness partially mediated the relationship between maternal emotion socialization of toddlers (N = 119, ages 12–36 months) and toddlers' social‐emotional competence. Effect size was strongest for the direct path between maternal emotion socialization and toddler social–emotional competence. Toddler age and maternal demographic risk status (covariates) predicted toddler competence. Study results extend the previous literature on early competencies by focusing on toddlers rather than preschool‐aged children and by employing a contextual model in which both low‐income mothers' emotion socialization and their contingent responsiveness predicted toddlers' competencies. 相似文献
55.
This study examined how different types of insults-social status insults and reproductive status insults--toward one's family and friends influenced the likelihood of verbal and physical retaliation. Participants were given a questionnaire containing scenarios in which a hypothetical person insulted each participant's sibling, cousin, or friend. Participants indicated they were significantly less likely to verbally retaliate when a cousin was insulted than when a sibling or friend was insulted. Men were more likely to physically retaliate toward male insulters. Women were more likely to physically retaliate toward female insulters. Women were more likely to verbally retaliate than men, but only when the insulter was female. Both men and women were more likely to retaliate when a woman was insulted. 相似文献
56.
Joanna Burger Christian Jeitner Heather Jensen Megan Fitzgerald Stacey Carlucci Sheila Shukla Sean Burke Robert Ramos Michael Gochfeld 《Urban Ecosystems》2004,7(1):17-27
The habitat use of basking northern water (Nerodia sipedon) and Eastern garter (Thamnophis sirtalis) snakes was examined along the Raritan Canal, an urbanized area of central New Jersey. There were significant differences between the two species with respect to cloud cover, canopy cover, and the distance to the path and the water, but not with respect to percent of the body exposed to the sun, and percent of the snake that was visible. Water snakes were more likely to bask on bushes, branches and logs than were garter snakes. Garter snakes basked when both the air and water temperature were lower than did water snakes. The lack of basking sites in the water suggests that those along shore are important, including the low hanging branches used by the watersnakes. 相似文献
57.
Candace A. Philbrick Margaret A. Fitzgerald 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2007,28(4):618-634
The purpose of this study is to compare groups of women associated with family businesses and ascertain predictors of functionality.
The sample consisted of 589 women divided into five groups based on their roles in the business. Of interest were various
combinations of work at home, in the family business, and outside the business and how multiple roles affect the family. The
women varied on several characteristics with female business managers less likely to be married than other women and generally
operating smaller businesses. The women were not significantly different on levels of family functioning. Family goal success,
satisfaction with business role, and being married were positive significant predictors of family functionality. Higher levels
of household tension were negatively associated with family functionality. Family therapists and family business consultants
must be cognizant of the multiple role responsibilities of women associated with a family firm. 相似文献
58.
Margaret A. Fitzgerald Mary Winter Nancy J. Miller Jennifer Paul 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2001,22(3):265-291
Four gender/role categories are compared to ascertain the influence that gender and management roles and related characteristics have on adjustment strategies selected during hectic times in the family or the family business. The five adjustment strategies involve reallocation of family or business tasks, intertwining tasks, using volunteer help and hiring outside help. Data are from the 1997 National Family Business Study (n = 673). Findings from multiple regression analysis indicate that, with the exception of intertwining tasks, there are not significant differences between men and women on adjustment strategies when controlling for family and business demands and human resources. Single-role managers are more likely to reallocate family resources to the business than are two-role managers, regardless of gender. 相似文献
59.
This paper describes the Child Protection Service, Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia, a specialist assessment service for infants, children and adolescents following allegations of abuse and neglect. The psychosocial and medical services provided for infants, children, adolescents and their families are outlined briefly and the Child Protection Service's view that the assessment process can and needs to be therapeutic is discussed. Data was provided about the age and gender of infants, children and adolescents seen and the number of families referred on for longer-term therapeutic intervention. The unit's philosophical stance, affecting its clinical practice and interagency and consultation service, is described, as is its research focus. The paper also raises a number of issues that warrant further and detailed attention. These include the need for workers to monitor and attend to their emotional responses while working in the area of abuse and the destructive potential of denial that may consequently and subtly impact on professional practice. The tendency for professionals and the wider society to ignore the impact of physical abuse is also raised. 相似文献
60.
Yoon G. Lee Cynthia R. Jasper Margaret A. Fitzgerald 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2010,31(4):458-474
Using data from the 1997–2000 National Family Business Surveys (NFBS), this study investigated the effect of gender on business
success and profit growth among family businesses. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) results indicate that all else being equal,
female managers perceived their businesses as more successful than male managers, and they reported more profit growth between
1996 and 1999 than male managers. The results of the dummy variable interaction approach also show that a differential response
existed in profit growth over time between female and male managers in relation to health status, business liabilities, business
size, and whether the business was home-based. This study concludes that there are many distinct differences between male
and female managers in business performance. 相似文献