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81.
The authors examine alliances involving inter-firm co-operation which they term ‘multi-point alliances’. These are first defined and considered in varying degrees of complexity. A typology of multi-point alliances is produced, and interviews conducted with French and Spanish corporations followed by a two-stage questionnaire survey of France's largest corporations. The dynamics of multi-point co-operation were then examined. The results include support for the authors' research hypothesis that both business complexity (scope) and organizational complexity (structure) impact the evolution of co-operation: the higher the complexity, the more likely the co-operative arrangement will diverge from its initial objective. 相似文献
82.
Chester A. Schriesheim Stephanie L. Castro Xiaohua Zhou Francis J. Yammarino 《The Leadership Quarterly》2001,12(4):456
Leadership research has recently begun to emphasize the importance of examining the level of analysis (e.g., individual, dyad, group, organization) at which phenomena are hypothesized to occur. Unfortunately, however, it is still not commonplace for theory to clearly specify, and for investigations to directly test, expected and rival level-of-analysis effects. This article first selectively reviews a cross-section of theories, models, and approaches in leadership, showing generally poor alignment between theory and the level of analysis actually used in its testing. A multiple levels of analysis investigation of the Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) model is next presented. This theory has as its foundation the dyadic relationship between a supervisor and his or her subordinates. Yet, less than 10% of published LMX studies have examined level of analysis—and none has employed dyadic analysis. Using within- and between-entities analysis (WABA) and two different samples, four LMX level-of-analysis representations are tested, which involve monosource data; three of these models are then tested using heterosource data. Overall, good support is found for the LMX approach at the within-groups and between-dyads levels. Implications for aligning theory with appropriate levels of analysis in future research are considered. 相似文献
83.
We propose a generalization of expected utility that we call generalized EU (GEU), where a decision maker’s beliefs are represented by plausibility measures and the decision maker’s tastes are represented
by general (i.e., not necessarily real-valued) utility functions. We show that every agent, “rational” or not, can be modeled
as a GEU maximizer. We then show that we can customize GEU by selectively imposing just the constraints we want. In particular,
we show how each of Savage’s postulates corresponds to constraints on GEU. 相似文献
84.
Shelley D. Dionne Alka Gupta Kristin Lee Sotak Kristie A. Shirreffs Andra Serban Chanyu Hao Dong Ha Kim Francis J. Yammarino 《The Leadership Quarterly》2014,25(1):6-35
The purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive 25-year review of the incorporation of levels of analysis into conceptual and empirical leadership research published within Leadership Quarterly throughout its history. We assessed the population of Leadership Quarterly's research (790 research articles) on four key levels of analysis-based issues: (1) explicit statement of the focal level(s) of analysis; (2) appropriate measurement given level of constructs; (3) use of a multi-level data analysis technique; and, (4) alignment of theory and data. Prior reviews regarding levels of analysis incorporation into leadership research have been limited to major research domains. Results revealed that while both conceptual and empirical articles only explicitly state the focal level of analysis in approximately one-third of the articles, appropriate levels-based measurement and alignment between theory and data are relatively strong areas of achievement for the articles within Leadership Quarterly. Multi-level data analysis techniques are used in less than one-fifth of all articles. Although there is room for improvement, there is evidence that Leadership Quarterly is a premier outlet for levels-based leadership research. Given the increasing complexity of organizational science with regard to groups, teams and collectives, Leadership Quarterly has an opportunity to model for organizational research on how to build and test complicated multi-level theories and models. 相似文献
85.
Francis C. Okafor 《Social indicators research》1985,17(2):115-125
Rural poverty which persists in Nigeria despite the prosperity created by the country's oil wealth is evident in the difficulty experienced by many in satisfying their basic needs for food, water and shelter. The lack of these basic needs has held up rural development in Nigeria. This paper highlights the need for adopting a basic needs approach to rural development. It suggests that the basic needs should be identified for each community in recognition of the fact that the priority of needs differs according to the people's socio-cultural conditions. It is observed that if the priority of needs is not sorted out with the people, the government may be involved in spending money on rural development projects that least satisfy the people's needs. The phases of determining the basic needs with the people are examined. The paper concludes that at every stage of development people do know what their needs are and they can be relied upon to determine their own priorities of development and then work for them. 相似文献
86.
Joseph Wun-Tat Chan Francis Y. L. Chin Hing-Fung Ting Yong Zhang 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2011,22(3):359-377
Given a complete binary tree of height h, the online tree node assignment problem is to serve a sequence of assignment/release requests, where an assignment request, with an integer parameter 0≤i≤h, is served by assigning a (tree) node of level (or height) i and a release request is served by releasing a specified assigned node. The node assignments have to guarantee that no node is assigned to two
assignment requests unreleased, and every leaf-to-root path of the tree contains at most one assigned node. With assigned
node reassignments allowed, the target of the problem is to minimize the number of assignments/reassignments, i.e., the cost,
to serve the whole sequence of requests. This online tree node assignment problem is fundamental to many applications, including
OVSF code assignment in WCDMA networks, buddy memory allocation and hypercube subcube allocation. 相似文献
87.
Obare F 《Demography》2010,47(3):651-665
Despite the increasing number of population-based surveys in sub-Saharan Africa that provide testing and counseling for HIV
over the past decade, understanding the nature of nonresponse in these surveys, especially panel HIV surveys, is still limited.
This article uses longitudinal HIV data collected from rural Malawi in 2004 and 2006 to examine nonresponse in repeat population-based
testing. It shows that nonresponse in repeat testing led to significant bias in the estimates of HIV prevalence and to inconsistent
conclusions about the predictors of HIV status. In contrast, previous cross-sectional analyses found that nonresponse does
not significantly bias the estimates of HIV prevalence. The difference in conclusions from cross-sectional and longitudinal
analyses of nonresponse can be attributed to two factors: the different definitions of what constitutes nonresponse in both
contexts, and the risk profiles of the missed populations. In particular, although refusal and temporary absence are the major
sources ofnonresponse in the cross-sectional contexts, attrition attributable to mortality and out-migration are additional
sources of nonresponse in repeat testing. Evidence shows that out-migrants have higher HIV prevalence than nonmigrants, which
could account for significant bias in the estimates of prevalence among participants in both tests observed in this study. 相似文献
88.
de Barros Pimenta A Santos SM de Jesus MC Borges MM de Oliveira Marques GL Abdalla EJ 《Work (Reading, Mass.)》2012,41(Z1):5681-5683
The generation growing and diversified of Municipal Solid Waste is configured as an environmental problem, economic and social deterioration, especially, by application of inappropriate management of them. Faced with this urban context, the research in development presents as specific objective assessment of the quality of life of the gatherers of recyclable materials were active in the city of Juiz de Fora, in the brazilian state of Minas Gerais. In addition, the objective is, still, the recognition of the activity of sorting performed by "scavengers" in order to maximize the reduction, reuse and recycling energy and material waste daily. The proposed methodology is based on the application of the questionnaire Word Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-100), prepared by the World Health Organization, in order to value the quality of life of the gatherers of recyclable materials, involved, even in educational workshops in order to discuss and organize strategies of health care and scouting to the basement to public policies. 相似文献
89.
Baucom DH Kirby JS Pukay-Martin ND Porter LS Fredman SJ Gremore TM Keefe FJ Atkins D 《Journal of marital and family therapy》2012,38(2):317-329
Previous research indicates that men are affected when their female partners have breast cancer. However, little is known about what predicts men's psychological well-being in this context. The current investigation involved couples in which the woman had early stage breast cancer and explored the degree to which men's positive and negative well-being was related to women's well-being, women's physical symptoms, relationship functioning, and relationship duration. The findings indicate that all of these factors play a role and interact in predicting men's well-being. In particular, when women have a high level of physical symptoms, the typical associations between men's well-being with women's well-being and relationship adjustment no longer persist. Implications for working with couples addressing health problems are provided. 相似文献
90.
Lauren Grace Moulds Catia Malvaso Louisa Hackett Luke Francis 《Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy》2023,44(2):237-254
Adolescent relational violence has significant and pervasive impacts for young people's current and future relationships. It is known that there is a cross-over between adolescent family violence and other offending behaviour, meaning there is a need for youth justice systems to recognise and respond to these forms of violence. This paper outlines a pilot intervention, the KIND Program, run in Youth Justice South Australia, and aimed at intervening with adolescent family and dating violence. KIND aims to provide tailored systemic intervention to young people and their support network, reducing violence while increasing connection and strength within relationships. The pilot of KIND ran for seven months in 2017, and had eight families participating in the program. Participation in, feedback from, and impact of the program suggest that participation was worthwhile and useful for young people and their families. The KIND Program would benefit from a more extensive pilot period to explore the outcomes of this form of intervention. 相似文献