Sex ratios and the red dragon: using the Chinese Communist Revolution to explore the effect of the sex ratio on women and children in Taiwan

In 1949, Mao Zedong and the People’s Liberation Army defeated the Chinese Nationalist Army. Hundreds of thousands of mainland Chinese fled to the island of Taiwan. In this paper, I use the demographic consequences of the Chinese Communist Revolution and subsequent Taiwanese military policy to identify the effect of the marriage market sex ratio on women and children in Taiwan. I find that as the sex ratio rises, the bride price relative to the dowry increases, the fraction of female children in a family increases, the total number of children in a family decreases, and human capital investments in children increase.     

The quality of work in Britain over the economic crisis

Previous research on trends in the quality of work in Britain was carried out in a period marked by long-term growth and increasing prosperity. Although often taken as an exemplar case of a ‘liberal’ regime, the implications of an emphasis on deregulation and work-force flexibility for employees’ quality of work are arguably less serious when labour markets are tight and the market power of employees may oblige employers to be concerned about the retention and commitment of the work-force. The prolonged economic crisis that followed the economic recession of 2008–2009, however, provides a more severe test of the implications of a relatively deregulated employment regime for employee welfare. It is precisely under conditions of high unemployment and weak bargaining power that it could be expected to facilitate a sharp reassertion of employer prerogatives both to shed labour and to restructure work processes. Did the economic crisis, then, lead to major changes in work and employment conditions in the UK?     

Joint modeling of multivariate censored longitudinal and event time data with application to the Genetic Markers of Inflammation Study

The Genetic Markers of Inflammation Study (GenIMS) was conceived to investigate the role of severe sepsis, which is typically defined as system-wide multi-organ failure, on survival. One major hypothesis for this systemic collapse, and reduction in survival, is a cascade of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In this paper, we devised a novel joint modeling strategy to evaluate the joint effect of longitudinal anti-inflammatory marker IL-6 and pro-inflammatory marker IL-10 on 90-day survival. We found that, on average, patients with high initial values of both IL-6 and IL-10, that tend to increase over time, are associated with a reduction in survival expectancy and that accounting for their assumed correlation was justified.     

Elusive Critical Elements of Transformative Risk Assessment Practice and Interpretation: Is Alternatives Analysis the Next Step?

This article argues that “game‐changing” approaches to risk analysis must focus on “democratizing” risk analysis in the same way that information technologies have democratized access to, and production of, knowledge. This argument is motivated by the author's reading of Goble and Bier's analysis, “Risk Assessment Can Be a Game‐Changing Information Technology—But Too Often It Isn't” (Risk Analysis, 2013; 33: 1942–1951), in which living risk assessments are shown to be “game changing” in probabilistic risk analysis. In this author's opinion, Goble and Bier's article focuses on living risk assessment's potential for transforming risk analysis from the perspective of risk professionals—yet, the game‐changing nature of information technologies has typically achieved a much broader reach. Specifically, information technologies change who has access to, and who can produce, information. From this perspective, the author argues that risk assessment is not a game‐changing technology in the same way as the printing press or the Internet because transformative information technologies reduce the cost of production of, and access to, privileged knowledge bases. The author argues that risk analysis does not reduce these costs. The author applies Goble and Bier's metaphor to the chemical risk analysis context, and in doing so proposes key features that transformative risk analysis technology should possess. The author also discusses the challenges and opportunities facing risk analysis in this context. These key features include: clarity in information structure and problem representation, economical information dissemination, increased transparency to nonspecialists, democratized manufacture and transmission of knowledge, and democratic ownership, control, and interpretation of knowledge. The chemical safety decision‐making context illustrates the impact of changing the way information is produced and accessed in the risk context. Ultimately, the author concludes that although new chemical safety regulations do transform access to risk information, they do not transform the costs of producing this information—rather, they change the bearer of these costs. The need for further risk assessment transformation continues to motivate new practical and theoretical developments in risk analysis and management.     

Retraction of leadership articles: Causes and prevention

Occasionally, published articles must be retracted to protect the integrity of the scientific record. Recently, The Leadership Quarterly retracted several articles. In this editorial, we describe why these retractions were warranted and the process leading to them. The key considerations giving rise to retractions, that is, accuracy in describing method and accuracy in describing results, are noted. The actions that authors must take to ensure their articles are not subject to retraction are also discussed.     

Education,Training and Economic Performance: Evidence from Establishment Survival Data

We consider the links between training, the quality of labor and establishment performance, using an indicator of firm performance, commercial survival. We place our evidence in the framework of a model in which managers have varying beliefs about the efficacy of education and training, leading to potential variation in their provision. We find that training and education yield significant positive effects on firm performance. Moreover, education and training interact positively in their effect on survival.