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1.
Mounting evidence suggests that early-life conditions have an enduring effect on an individual’s mortality risks as an adult. The contribution of improvements in early-life conditions to the overall decline in adult mortality, however, remains a debated issue. We provide an estimate of the contribution of improvements in early-life conditions to mortality decline after age 30 in Dutch cohorts born between 1812 and 1921. We used two proxies for early-life conditions: median height and early-childhood mortality. We estimate that improvements in early-life conditions contributed more than five years or about a third to the rise in women’s life expectancy at age 30. Improvements in early-life conditions contributed almost three years or more than a quarter to the rise in men’s life expectancy at age 30. Height appears to be the more important of the two proxies for early-life conditions. 相似文献
2.
We study a particular restitution problem where there is an indivisible good (land or property) over which two agents have rights: the dispossessed agent and the owner. A third party, possibly the government, seeks to resolve the situation by assigning rights to one and compensate the other. There is also a maximum amount of money available for the compensation. We characterize a family of asymmetrically fair rules that are immune to strategic behavior, guarantee minimal welfare levels for the agents, and satisfy the budget constraint. 相似文献
3.
This article extends the debate begun in the June 1992 issue of EMJ when the authors first criticized Michael Porter's explanatory framework in his Competitive Advantage of Nations (1990), over the role of national culture on the competitive advantage of nations. In this paper, Frans van den Bosch and Arno van Prooijen stress that Europe is a locus of competitive advantage if one is prepared to pay attention to the possibility of ‘European Management’ as a potential asset of European firms. In this connection, the transnationalization of European firms is of importance. 相似文献
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5.
This paper presents the current Dutchsociotechnical design approach to integralorganizational renewal in a contextual way. Both itsdesign theory and intervention processes are reviewedand some aggregated empirical evidence is presented. Next, thepaper compares the ideas developed in the Dutch approachto those presented in its American, Scandinavian, andAustralian counterparts. It is concluded that, at a meta-level, they all share the ideal ofparticipative democracy, while at the conceptual level,these distinctive approaches appear quite incompatible.Notwithstanding substantial diversity, it is presumed these approaches can be seen as localmanifestations of a single sociotechnicalparadigm. 相似文献
6.
Empirical results of earlier studies only marginally supported the relevance of Karasek's Job Demands-Job Control Model for absence behaviour. Since longitudinal studies with respect to these relations were largely lacking, a four-wave panel study was carried out using data from 1755 male employees of a technical maintenance firm in the public sector. Job demands, job control, physical working conditions, and the employee's age, education, and health were measured in one year and absenteeism in the same year and in the next 3 years. Data were analysed with linear regression and Poisson regression techniques. The Poisson regression technique was superior to the linear regression technique in explaining absence. Age, health and prior absence were the best predictors of later absence behaviour. With respect to the Job Demands-Job Control Model, the main findings of the study were (1) that job control was significantly associated with a low number of simultaneous and later absence days, and (2) that, contrary to expectations, job demands were also related to a low number of simultaneous and later absence days. These results hold when age, health, education, prior absence, and working conditions are controlled for. Job control and job demands did not predict later absence frequency. In the discussion it is suggested that a high level of job demands may not only be harmful for the well-being of employees but also work as 'a pressure to attend'. 相似文献
7.
Restricted factor analysis can be used to investigate measurement bias. A prerequisite for the detection of measurement bias
through factor analysis is the correct specification of the measurement model. We applied restricted factor analysis to two
subtests of a Dutch cognitive ability test. These two examples serve to illustrate the relationship between multidimensionality
and measurement bias. We conclude that measurement bias implies multidimensionality, whereas multidimensionality shows up
as measurement bias only if multidimensionality is not properly accounted for in the measurement model. 相似文献
8.
Josien Schneiders Nancy A. Nicolson Johannes Berkhof Frans J. Feron Marten W. DeVries Jim Van Os 《Journal of research on adolescence》2007,17(4):697-722
Disturbances in affect have been linked to problem behavior in adolescence and future psychopathology, but little is known about how such disturbances manifest themselves in everyday contexts. This study investigated daily mood in Dutch 7th graders, aged 11–14. Cluster analysis of problem measures distinguished high-risk (n=25) and low-risk (n=106) subgroups. Participants completed experience-sampling reports of mood, social context, and location nine times daily for 5 days. Multilevel regression analyses of four mood measures confirmed higher anxiety and depressed mood in the high-risk group. Moods varied by location and social context, with significant differences between groups in two specific social contexts. First, when with family, low-risk adolescents felt less depressed than when alone, whereas high-risk adolescents felt more depressed. Second, high-risk adolescents showed more pronounced anxiety in social situations outside the network of family and friends. These findings point to everyday social contexts in which young adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems appear to be particularly vulnerable. 相似文献
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10.
Managing Stakeholder Involvement in Decision Making: A Comparative Analysis of Six Interactive Processes in the Netherlands 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Initiatives to encourage and stimulate the involvement of citizensbut also various societal organizations in decision making canbe seen in a wide variety of European countries. Citizen panels,citizen charters, new types of participation, and other formsare being used to increase the influence of citizens on decisionmaking and to improve the relation between citizens and electedpoliticians. In the Netherlands a lot of local governments haveexperimented with interactive decision making that is enhancingthe influence of citizens and interest groups on public policymaking. The main motives to involve stakeholders in interactivedecision making are to diminish the veto power of various societalactors by involving them in decision making, improve the qualityof decision making by using the information and solutions ofvarious actors, and bridge the perceived growing cleavage betweencitizens and elected politicians. In this article six casesare evaluated. The cases are compared on three dimensions: thenature and organization of participation, the way the processis managed (process management), and the relation with formaldemocratic institutions. These organizational features (in termsof both formal organization and actual performance) are comparedwith the results of the decision-making processes in the sixcases. The article shows that the high expectations of interactivedecision making are not always met. It also shows that managingthe interactionscalled process management in networktheoryis very important for achieving satisfactory outcomes. 相似文献