宽严相济:基于司法能力与被动的分析

宽严相济的刑事政策是我们党和国家提出的新的刑事政策,是司法机关准确实施国家法律的重要指针。依法办案是宽严相济的刑事政策的题中之义,刑事司法必须在现行法律范围内"从宽"与"从严",但宽严相济的刑事政策不能被简单理解为依法办案。在刑事司法中,司法者应当明确适用空间、抓住关键环节和区别案件情节。只有这样才能实现宽严相济的刑事政策。     

刑事庭前会议制度的功能、程序及其改进

庭前会议制度是中国特色的刑事诉讼制度的创新。新《刑事诉讼法》规定:在开庭审理前,审判人员可以召集控辩双方就与审判有关的问题举行会议,了解情况,听取意见。现行庭前会议制度具有争点整理、争议解决、程序分流功能,但制度设计比较粗糙,故需要在立法上予以改造,坚持审判中心主义,处理好庭前会议与法庭审理的关系,建立证据开示制度,引入禁止反言原则,增加非法证据的排除功能。     

MARS as an alternative approach of Gaussian graphical model for biochemical networks

The Gaussian graphical model (GGM) is one of the well-known modelling approaches to describe biological networks under the steady-state condition via the precision matrix of data. In literature there are different methods to infer model parameters based on GGM. The neighbourhood selection with the lasso regression and the graphical lasso method are the most common techniques among these alternative estimation methods. But they can be computationally demanding when the system's dimension increases. Here, we suggest a non-parametric statistical approach, called the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) as an alternative of GGM. To compare the performance of both models, we evaluate the findings of normal and non-normal data via the specificity, precision, F-measures and their computational costs. From the outputs, we see that MARS performs well, resulting in, a plausible alternative approach with respect to GGM in the construction of complex biological systems.     

Attachment Styles and Self‐Image in Turkish Adolescents

The purpose of this article is to examine the attachment styles and the relation of these styles to the self‐image in Turkish adolescents. The study included 378 adolescents (196 females and 182 males) from high schools with different socioeconomic status (SES) who were administered Relationship Scale Questionnaires and Offer Self‐Image Questionnaires. The findings indicate that adolescents from a low SES had significantly low scores on self‐image scales compared with those from high and middle SES. It was found that secure attachment patterns affect social relationships and superior adjustment aspects of self‐image positively. The results of this study show that attachment patterns play an important role in the development of the self‐image, which is a crucial psychological structure gained in adolescence.     

Random Expected Utility

We develop and analyze a model of random choice and random expected utility. A decision problem is a finite set of lotteries that describe the feasible choices. A random choice rule associates with each decision problem a probability measure over choices. A random utility function is a probability measure over von Neumann–Morgenstern utility functions. We show that a random choice rule maximizes some random utility function if and only if it is mixture continuous, monotone (the probability that a lottery is chosen does not increase when other lotteries are added to the decision problem), extreme (lotteries that are not extreme points of the decision problem are chosen with probability 0), and linear (satisfies the independence axiom).     

Moments of truncated normal/independent distributions

In this work we have considered the problem of finding the moments of a doubly truncated member of the class of normal/independent distributions. We obtained a general result and then use it to derive the moments in the case of doubly truncated versions of Pearson type VII distribution, slash distribution, contaminated normal distribution, double exponential distribution and variance gamma distribution. We also give an application of some actuarial data.     

A skew extension of the slash distribution via beta-normal distribution

In this work we introduce a generalization of the slash distribution using beta-normal distribution. This newly defined generalization is more flexible than the ordinary slash distribution and contains distributions that can be not only symmetric and unimodal, but also asymmetric and bimodal. We study the properties of the new generalized distribution and demonstrate its use on some real data sets considering maximum likelihood estimation procedure.     

Preventive Health Behavior and Adaptive Accuracy of Risk Perceptions

This study examined the relation between health behavior and risk perceptions in the context of an acute livestock epidemic. Participants in a longitudinal web-based survey ( N = 195) were asked to report their meat consumption and their perceived risk in relation to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and other related livestock diseases. Cross-sectional analyses at both measurement points (T1 and T2) showed that participants with low levels of preventive nutrition (high meat consumption) felt more at risk for BSE-related diseases than those reporting comparable higher levels of preventive behavior (low meat consumption), indicating relative accuracy. These results suggest that people recognize when their behavior is risky. More importantly, perceived risk also showed adaptive accuracy from a change perspective: increases in preventive nutrition from T1 to T2 were significantly associated with decreases in perceived risk between T1 and T2. Possible foundations and implications of an adaptive accuracy of risk perceptions are discussed.     

提升教育规划执行力:从“文本”走向“行动”

教育规划是一个持续的过程。高质量的教育规划不仅仅关注文本的制定与宣传,更应该注重执行过程及其效果的提升。教育规划执行力系指教育规划三大子系统互动、有效实现规划目标的效能。影响教育规划执行力提升的因素大致可划分为教育规划活动主体、教育规划环境条件、教育规划自身和具体操作技术四大类别。它们相互作用,共同影响着教育规划执行力的发挥。     

日本服务经济论争与东京服务功能转型

日本服务经济理论经历了从欧洲大陆经济思想,到吸收、消化和创新北美主流经济学的曲折过程.特别是受21世纪经济学范式革命的影响,日本服务经济的观念、内涵和方式发生了相应变化.这也推动了作为首位城市的东京都服务功能的转型,生产服务、综合服务和知识技术服务成为东京现代服务功能转型的主要方向.