THE DEMOGRAPHICS OF A NEW VOTING GAP MARITAL DIFFERENCES IN AMERICAN VOTING

There is now a marriage gap in presidential voting in the UnitedStates, with married people voting about 10%–15% moreRepublican than unmarried people. This voting difference developedin the 1972 election, and it is also evident in party identification.The proportion of unmarried people has doubled since 1964, sothis cleavage is important. The gap can be explained statisticallyin terms of race and income, but still may give politiciansthe opportunity to gain votes by appealing to voters on thebasis of family issues.     

A Quantitative Estimate of Leukemia Mortality Associated with Occupational Exposure to Benzene3

In 1980, the U.S. Supreme Court vacated a revised occupational standard for benzene, stating that the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) had failed to demonstrate that significant health risks existed under the current standard. This decision has been interpreted by OSHA as requiring the consideration of quantitative risk assessments, whenever possible, in the development of regulations for occupational carcinogens. In light of this decision, the available epidemiologic evidence was used to generate a quantitative risk assessment for benzene. Uncertainties regarding the levels and lengths of benzene exposure for the studied cohorts were incorporated into the analysis. Based on the one-hit model, the assessment indicates that a working lifetime exposure to benzene at the current permissible exposure level (10 ppm) poses a substantial excess risk of death from leukemia. This report discusses the calculation of the risk estimates, the basis for relying on certain assumptions, and the inherent limitations of using epidemiologic studies to quantify cancer risks.     

Responsibility for Feelings: A Multilateral Approach to Causation

The multilateral approach to causation posits four possible causes which need to be considered in the assessment and treatment of discord between partners in a primary relationship. These causes include the precipitating event, the reaction of a person to the precipitating event, the interactional dynamics of the partners, and the goals and objectives of the relationship which are being frustrated. A multilateral approach permits a person to accept his or her own legitimate responsibility for behavior and feelings without a responsibility "underload" or "overload." The use of multilateral causation is intended as a therapeutic safeguard against oversimplification.     

A mixture model for random graphs

The Erdös–Rényi model of a network is simple and possesses many explicit expressions for average and asymptotic properties, but it does not fit well to real-world networks. The vertices of those networks are often structured in unknown classes (functionally related proteins or social communities) with different connectivity properties. The stochastic block structures model was proposed for this purpose in the context of social sciences, using a Bayesian approach. We consider the same model in a frequentest statistical framework. We give the degree distribution and the clustering coefficient associated with this model, a variational method to estimate its parameters and a model selection criterion to select the number of classes. This estimation procedure allows us to deal with large networks containing thousands of vertices. The method is used to uncover the modular structure of a network of enzymatic reactions.     

Estimating the distribution of one-dimensional discrete scan statistics viewed as extremes of 1-dependent stationary sequences

Discrete one-dimensional scan statistics can be viewed as extremes of 1-dependent stationary sequences. A result of Haiman [1999. First passage time for some stationary processes. Stochastic Process. Appl. 80, 231–248] provides approximations of the distributions of extremes of 1-dependent stationary sequences together with sharp bounds for the corresponding errors. We apply this result to scan statistics generated by Bernoulli r.v.'s and to the charge problem.     

Sequential Procedure For Fixed Accuracy Estimation of the Population Size in Recapture Sampling

A sequential procedure is constructed to provide a fixed‐accuracy estimator for the number of faults in a system. This paper focuses on the case when faults are homogeneous. However, the method can be adapted to other models by choosing a more robust estimator. The accuracy of the estimator depends on the failure intensity, the length of testing period and the total number of faults in the system. Simulations illustrate the performance of the proposed procedure. The method is applied to an information system failure dataset.     

GROUNDING THE POSTMODERN SELF

In postmodern discourse, self is displaced as a central presence in experience and reappropriated as yet another personal signifier. This paper describes key postmodern views, then reframes postmodern vocabulary in terms of interpretive practice. It argues that the postmodern framing of self is too abstract and that a distinctly modern discourse focused on the deprivatization of interpretive activity can account empirically for features of postmodern "presence." Comparative ethnographic and narrative material is offered in illustration. We conclude by suggesting how self can be retrieved for classical sociological commentary and research.