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排序方式: 共有177条查询结果,搜索用时 687 毫秒
61.
Ying Zhou James Hammitt Joshua S. Fu Yang Gao Yang Liu Jonathan I. Levy 《Risk analysis》2014,34(4):683-697
Predicting the human‐health effects of reducing atmospheric emissions of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from power plants, motor vehicles, and other sources is complex because of nonlinearity in the relevant atmospheric processes. We estimate the health impacts of changes in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone concentrations that result from control of NOx emissions alone and in conjunction with other pollutants in and outside the mega‐city of Shanghai, China. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System is applied to model the effects on atmospheric concentrations of emissions from different economic sectors and geographic locations. Health impacts are quantified by combining concentration‐response functions from the epidemiological literature with pollutant concentration and population distributions. We find that the health benefits per ton of emission reduction are more sensitive to the location (i.e., inside vs. outside of Shanghai) than to the sectors that are controlled. For eastern China, we predict between 1 and 20 fewer premature deaths per year per 1,000 tons of NOx emission reductions, valued at $300–$6,000 per ton. Health benefits are sensitive to seasonal variation in emission controls. Policies to control NOx emissions need to consider emission location, season, and simultaneous control of other pollutants to avoid unintended consequences. 相似文献
62.
Exponential‐growth bias (EGB) is the tendency for individuals to partially neglect compounding of exponential growth. We develop a model wherein biased agents misperceive the intertemporal budget constraint, and derive conditions for overconsumption and dynamic inconsistency. We construct an incentivized measure of EGB in a US‐representative population and find substantial bias, with approximately one third of subjects estimated as the fully biased type. The magnitude of the bias is negatively associated with asset accumulation, and does not respond to a simple graphical intervention. 相似文献
63.
Tamir Levy 《Journal of Economic Psychology》2011,32(3):374-383
Health related research documents that air pollution has negative mood effects. Experimental works in psychology relate bad mood to increased risk aversion. Studies in financial economics report an observed link between mood effects and stock market returns. This study therefore investigates whether the mood effects caused by air pollution can have economic implications. It examines the relationship between air pollution and stock returns using data from the Air Quality Index, and stock returns from four stock exchanges in the US. We find that air pollution is negatively related to stock returns, even when controlling for other variables. The relationship becomes weaker as the distance of the stock exchange from the polluted area increases. The results also indicate that air pollution may even affect local traders investing in securities exchanges located far from the polluted area. The findings imply that a profitable trading strategy can be constructed. 相似文献
64.
Dr. Alan J. Levy DSW 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》1994,11(3):221-233
This paper presents children of substance abusing parents as incurring risk factors that place many in need of social work intervention. The strength of this approach lies in integrating community resources as sources of corrective emotional experiences in clinical intervention. 相似文献
65.
E. Andres Houseman Louise Ryan Jonathan I. Levy John D. Spengler 《Journal of applied statistics》2002,29(6):855-872
Interpretation of continuous measurements in microenvironmental studies and exposure assessments can be complicated by autocorrelation, the implications of which are often not fully addressed. We discuss some statistical issues that arose in the analysis of microenvironmental particulate matter concentration data collected in 1998 by the Harvard School of Public Health. We present a simulation study that suggests that Generalized Estimating Equations, a technique often used to adjust for autocorrelation, may produce inflated Type I errors when applied to microenvironmental studies of small or moderate sample size, and that Linear Mixed Effects models may be more appropriate in small-sample settings. Environmental scientists often appeal to longer averaging times to reduce autocorrelation. We explore the functional relationship between averaging time, autocorrelation, and standard errors of both mean and variance, showing that longer averaging times impair statistical inferences about main effects. We conclude that, given widely available techniques that adjust for autocorrelation, longer averaging times may be inappropriate in microenvironmental studies. 相似文献
66.
Anat Levy 《Journal of Labor Research》1990,11(1):41-57
This paper formalizes theoretical and empirical analyses of the determination of union membership. It is argued that an important
(and usually ignored) consideration affecting the union status of workers is the externalities between (potential) union members:
The gain a worker derives from unionization is affected by the characteristics of the workers who already belong to the union,
and the gain union members derive from admitting an additional worker to membership depends on that worker’s characteristics.
Thus, two conditions must hold if a worker is to join a union: (1) unionization should increase his wage, and (2) union members
must benefit from adding him. The main implication of this analysis is that in a given industry/occupation a union is more
likely to form among workers withlower rents. To test this proposition, I present an empirical analysis using data from the May 1979 Current Population Survey (CPS) Public
Use Sample. A procedure for measuring worker’s rent is discussed and certain relationships between rent and union membership
are identified.
I am most indebted to Finis Welch for many valuable comments and suggestions throughout the preparation of this study. I have
also benefited from comments made by Mark Killingsworth, Kevin Murphy, Mark Plant, the editor of this journal, and an anonymous
referee. The generous availability of the computer facilities at Unicon Research Corporation is appreciated. 相似文献
67.
Nancy Soth M.A. Daniel I. Levy B.A. M. Robert Wilson M.D. Jackie Gimse R.N. 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》1987,4(2):106-122
A significant majority of patients with borderline personality disorder, in a long-term psychiatric hospital for adolescents, had been the daughters of younger middle class mothers (14–20) with fathers absent since birth or before age 5. This family configuration is optimal for the growth of a symbiotic mother-daughter relationship and the identity disorder prevalent in borderline patients. The similar histories of these patients are examined. They can be described in two categories: those who combine precocious sexuality with infantile behavior and a smaller group with a somewhat masculine pseudo-mature identity. The first group usually attempts to retreat to the father, has clinging, dependent relationships with males, sexually acts out and is at a very high risk for pregnancy and a repetition of the mothers' lives.This paper was presented at the American Association of Psychiatric Services for Children, Las Vegas, Nevada, March, 1986.Mr. Levy is at Wesleyan University 相似文献
68.
The present study examined the health status and outpatient health care utilization among 52 adults with severe or profound intellectual disabilities (IDs) living with their families or in group homes in New York City. Bivariate and regression analyses among demographic variables, medical conditions, health care utilization, and type of living situation were conducted. Findings indicate that demographic factors and health statuses were similar regardless of living situation, except for age and the presence of Down Syndrome, that is, younger people and people with Down Syndrome were more likely to live with family than in group homes. The results indicated that regardless of where they lived, individuals had high rates (70%) of overweight/obesity. The mean number of internal medicine, specialty medicine, nursing, and total clinic visits were significantly higher for those living in group homes compared to those living with their families. The findings and their implications are discussed with respect to social work policy and practice. 相似文献
69.
70.
Yehuda Levy 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2013,81(5):1973-2007
We present two examples of discounted stochastic games, each with a continuum of states, finitely many players, and actions, that possess no stationary equilibria. The first example has deterministic transitions—an assumption undertaken in most of the early applications of dynamics games in economics—and perfect information, and does not possess even stationary approximate equilibria or Markovian equilibria. The second example satisfies, in addition to stronger regularity assumptions, that all transitions are absolutely continuous with respect to a fixed measure—an assumption that has been widely used in more recent economic applications. This assumption has been undertaken in several positive results on the existence of stationary equilibria in special cases, and in particular, guarantees the existence of stationary approximate equilibria. 相似文献