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71.
Quality of Work Life: Theoretical and Methodological Problems, and Presentation of a New Model and Measuring Instrument 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Purpose: Ever since the concept of Quality of Work Life (QWL) was first used over 30 years ago, a range of definitions and theoretical
constructs have succeeded each other with the aim of mitigating the many problems facing the concept. A historical overview
of the concept of QWL is presented here. Given the lack of consensus concerning the solutions that have been developed to
date, a new definition of QWL is suggested, inspired by the research on a related concept, general Quality of Life (QOL) which,
as the literature shows, has faced the same conceptualization and definition problems as QWL. Based on the suggested definition
of QOL, a definition of QWL is provided and the measuring instrument that results therefrom (the Quality of Working Life Systemic
Inventory – QWLSI) is presented. Finally, the solutions that this model and measuring instrument provide for the above-mentioned
problems are discussed. 相似文献
72.
Taillefer Marie-Christine Dupuis Gilles Roberge Marie-Anne LeMay Sylvie 《Social indicators research》2003,64(2):293-323
Purpose: This review evaluates howtheory-driven models of health-related qualityof life (QoL) take into account themethodological and conceptual problemsbesetting the field. Methodology: 68 modelsformulated from 1965 to 2001 (60% of thosefound for each decade) were randomly selected.Two judges evaluated the models using ananalysis grid covering a) the models' level ofconceptualization (from less to moresophisticated); b) the definition of QoL; c)the distinction between factors that mayinfluence QoL and QoL per se; and d) thepresence of instruments as tools to measureQoL. A global score reflecting the overallquality of the models was also provided.Results: Of the 68 theory-driven modelssampled, approximately 35% were in the lesscomplex category, 15% were in the mostsophisticated group and nearly 50% were inbetween. QoL was not defined by at least 25%of authors. The distinction between factorsthat may influence QoL and QoL per se wasmade in less than 50% of models. Instrumentsused were identified by 78% of authors. Lessthan 3% of the models examined received themaximum global score. Conclusions: From 1965 to2001, a general improvement in the quality ofQoL models is identified. However, for manymodels, the questions used to analyze modelswere not always clearly addressed (many did noteven define QoL), rendering analysis quitedifficult. Overall, the field needs moresophisticated models and a better definition ofthe content and boundaries of the QoL concept. 相似文献
73.
This paper discusses the trans-European high-speed rail networks' (TERN) financing. The different goals of public and private investors are identified as these are critical to the development of a new form of integrated financing, whereby both public and private means are required. Government budgets are often limited and private investors may be discouraged by the specific features of infrastructure investments. Co-financing, however, allows the solving of these problems. The paper focuses on the role of the European Union in financing infrastructure. It explains why socio-economic benefits beyond financial gains represent the best justification for public financial intervention as a complement to private financing. 相似文献
74.
We introduce extensions of stability selection, a method to stabilise variable selection methods introduced by Meinshausen and Bühlmann (J R Stat Soc 72:417–473, 2010). We propose to apply a base selection method repeatedly to random subsamples of observations and subsets of covariates under scrutiny, and to select covariates based on their selection frequency. We analyse the effects and benefits of these extensions. Our analysis generalizes the theoretical results of Meinshausen and Bühlmann (J R Stat Soc 72:417–473, 2010) from the case of half-samples to subsamples of arbitrary size. We study, in a theoretical manner, the effect of taking random covariate subsets using a simplified score model. Finally we validate these extensions on numerical experiments on both synthetic and real datasets, and compare the obtained results in detail to the original stability selection method. 相似文献
75.
Gilles Stupfler 《Journal of nonparametric statistics》2014,26(4):721-735
Since its introduction, the pointwise asymptotic properties of the kernel estimator f?n of a probability density function f on ?d, as well as the asymptotic behaviour of its integrated errors, have been studied in great detail. Its weak convergence in functional spaces, however, is a more difficult problem. In this paper, we show that if fn(x)=(f?n(x)) and (rn) is any nonrandom sequence of positive real numbers such that rn/√n→0 then if rn(f?n?fn) converges to a Borel measurable weak limit in a weighted Lp space on ?d, with 1≤p<∞, the limit must be 0. We also provide simple conditions for proving or disproving the existence of this Borel measurable weak limit. 相似文献
76.
This paper reviews the recent literature on the interactions between business cycles and growth. It focuses on the causality from cycles to growth, but also deals to some extent with the reverse causality. It discusses both “Keynesian” and “Schumpeterian” theories of cycles and growth. 相似文献
77.
Regina E. Werum Tomeka Davis Simon ChengAuthor vitae 《Research in social stratification and mobility》2011,29(4):371-391
How does institutional context shape the way family dynamics, especially ethnic background and parental resources, affect track placement? We contrast the track placement patterns of immigrants and ethnic majority students in two countries marked by drastic differences in the social organization of schooling. Drawing on German (GSOEP) and U.S. (NELS) data, we find that, in general, more family resources pull students from lower to higher tracks, but ethnic inequalities in these resources favor the ethnic majority groups in both countries. In addition, institutional context conditions which parental resources shape educational outcomes, and how they do so. We find that the effects of parental ties exacerbate ethnic inequalities between whites and Latinos in the U.S.; whereas in Germany, parents’ community ties play a compensatory role for immigrants, who benefit from interactions with secular and ethno-religious groups. Our findings confirm previous cross-national research, but they also highlight the need to elaborate the relationship between institutional context and ethnically specific reproduction mechanisms within countries. 相似文献
78.
With Canadian data ranging from 1991 to 2011, this paper investigates the effects of the number of years since migration on the earnings of immigrants from the United States and the United Kingdom in Canada. The aim is to test whether the “negative assimilation” hypothesis proposed by Chiswick and Miller (Ind Labor Relat Rev 64(3):502–525, 2011) for immigrants to the United States is a universal finding for immigrants from countries with similar economic standing and skill transferability to those of the destination country. We also expand on Chiswick and Miller’s work by doing regressions for both males and females and by comparing to Chinese immigrants, a representative group from a less developed country. We find that the negative assimilation hypothesis does not hold for the Canadian labor market. Specifically, the assimilation rate is close to zero for U.K. immigrants and strictly positive for U.S. immigrants (although lower than that of a comparison group of Chinese immigrants). The assimilation rates are also higher for females than for males. 相似文献
79.
Gilles Crague Catherine Paradeise Jean-Claude Thoenig Günther Teubner Marie-Laure Morin 《Sociologie du Travail》2012,54(1):1-44
The recent development of networks has engendered both the evanescence of “macro-actors” (i.e., big formal organizations) and new problems related to corporate social responsibility. The concept of “organization” must be redefined and analyzed so as to identify network externalities and the ways (including legal ones) of handling the consequences in terms of liability. The four brief contributions in this section — two by sociologists and two by jurists — outline an approach to the contemporary reality of organizations. 相似文献
80.