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排序方式: 共有151条查询结果,搜索用时 109 毫秒
61.
Local governments are increasingly entering into partnerships with the private sector in the “externalization” of public service delivery. While the financial and non-financial interests of the partners involved may appear to be in opposition and potentially un-reconcilable, this is not always the case, especially where governance arrangements exist to align and balance the requirements of financial and non-financial performance. Such arrangements are analysed here with reference to Estonia’s largest water company with mixed public-private ownership. It has a business-like management that facilitates a combination of good non-financial performance (quality and affordability) and considerable financial performance (profitability). 相似文献
62.
Abstract. This work analyses the links between credit and labour markets highlighting the influence of credit market inefficiencies on employment. We argue that if banks are not efficient in monitoring the borrowers in the presence of asymmetric information, credit market imperfections have real effects. We estimate dynamic equations using system generalized method of moments (GMM) for bank loans and employment on panel data for Italian firms. The system GMM estimates indicate that the impact of credit market on employment is higher where the local financial market is less developed, asymmetric information is widespread, bank managers are less efficient in assessing the firms' solvency and do not use appropriate methods to evaluate the borrowers' payback capacity. 相似文献
63.
David I. Kertzer Michael J. White Laura Bernardi Giuseppe Gabrielli 《Revue europeenne de demographie》2009,25(1):89-115
The deep drop of the fertility rate in Italy to among the lowest in the world challenges contemporary theories of childbearing
and family building. Among high-income countries, Italy was presumed to have characteristics of family values and female labor
force participation that would favor higher fertility than its European neighbors to the north. We test competing economic
and cultural explanations, drawing on new nationally representative, longitudinal data to examine first union, first birth,
and second birth. Our event history analysis finds some support for economic determinants of family formation and fertility,
but the clear importance of regional differences and of secularization suggests that such an explanation is at best incomplete
and that cultural and ideational factors must be considered. 相似文献
64.
Maximum likelihood estimation of a spatial model typically requires a sizeable computational capacity, even in relatively small samples, and becomes unfeasible in very large datasets. The unilateral approximation approach to spatial model estimation (suggested in Besag 1974) provides a viable alternative to maximum likelihood estimation that reduces substantially the computing time and the storage required. In this article, we extend the method, originally proposed for conditionally specified processes, to simultaneous and to general bilateral spatial processes over rectangular lattices. We prove the estimators’ consistency and study their finite-sample properties via Monte Carlo simulations. 相似文献
65.
Giuseppe Moscarini Lones Smith 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2002,70(6):2351-2366
An unresolved problem in Bayesian decision theory is how to value and price information. This paper resolves both problems assuming inexpensive information. Building on Large Deviation Theory, we produce a generically complete asymptotic order on samples of i.i.d. signals in finite–state, finite–action models. Computing the marginal value of an additional signal, we find it is eventually exponentially falling in quantity, and higher for lower quality signals. We provide a precise formula for the information demand, valid at low prices: asymptotically a constant times the log price, and falling in the signal quality for a given price. 相似文献
66.
This article is about the risk behavior adopted by pedestrians at crosswalks with traffic light equipment. It was observed that many pedestrians take risk to cross the Presidente Vargas Avenue. This avenue is located in downtown in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, and has a heavy vehicular traffic and intense pedestrian flow. Many pedestrians cross the four lanes of avenue dangerously disobeying the traffic light indications. To conduct this research about pedestrian's behavior at crosswalks, a model known as Communication-Human Information Processing Model - C-HIP Model was used. Investigating the stages by C-HIP model perspective, using methods and techniques for each stage, enabled to identify which factors can contribute to pedestrians to disobey traffic signs and adopt a risky behavior in pedestrian crossing. 相似文献
67.
68.
Rosita A. Condorelli Aldo E. Calogero Maurizio Di Mauro Laura M. Mongioì Giorgio I. Russo Giuseppe Morgia 《The aging male》2016,19(3):155-160
Purpose: To investigate a possible relation between penile Doppler ultrasound examination (PDUE) parameters and efficacy of chronic therapy with tadalafil (TAD) combined with a protocol of aerobic physical activity (PA) in patients with late onset hypogonadism (LOH). Methods: The study evaluated 30 patients consecutively enrolled with LOH and erectile dysfunction which present contraindication to hormonal replacement therapy for concomitant prostate disease. These patients were subjected to a combined protocol with phosphodiesterase V selective inhibitors (TAD 5?mg daily) and aerobic PA.Results: After three months, we observed significant improvements in erectile function [IIEF-5, median (IQR)?=?13.0 (7.0–18.0) versus 6.0 (5.0–6.75); p?0.01] and of the main metabolic [homeostatic model assessment index, median (IQR)?=?2.5 (1.62–3.37) versus 3.0 (2.0–3.75); p?0.01; body mass index, median (IQR)?=?27.0 (24.0–28.75) versus 27.5 (24.0–29.5)] and vascular parameters [peak systolic velocity, median (IQR)?=?29.5 (24.25–31.0) versus 28.0 (23.0–24.25); acceleration time, median (IQR)?=?114 (105.25–134.0) versus 115.0 (106.5–134.0)], assessed by PDUE.Conclusion: PA in association with phosphodiesterase V inhibitors could compensate the effects of hypogonadism on erectile function and facilitate the clinical response to these drugs even in the absence of adequate serum concentrations of total testosterone. 相似文献
69.
70.
The structure of knowledge systems is a crucial component of the effort to make these systems effective and acceptable to users. This paper argues that the structure must correspond with the nature of knowledge, as the externalization of cognitive phenomena, in the form of intellectual nuggets that include topics, stories, concepts, and images. Lessons from the structuring of organizations suggest that the platform and the matrix approaches could be adopted in the design of knowledge systems. The paper then describes the advantages and limitations of these solutions. 相似文献