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231.
Gordon Wells 《思想、文化和活动》2013,20(3):160-177
Categories play a significant role in the coordination of human activities. Collective action within organizations presupposes shared category systems that make institutional priorities and relevancies visible. In this study, some features of the origin, use, and consequences of a categorization tool of modern employment agencies are analyzed. This category system is complex and has come to serve a diverse set of functions (provision of financial and other kinds of assistance to the unemployed, production of a broad range of statistics, etc.). We argue that this multifunctionality of the tool implies that the employment agency officers reflexively attend to the consequences of their actions and monitor what their decisions will imply at different levels. This reflexivity plays a significant role in the services provided to citizens and in the manner in which their needs are visible to the public. We conclude that categorization practices are hidden, but highly significant, features in the production of social facts. 相似文献
232.
H. Gordon Skilling 《Canadian Slavonic papers》2013,55(1):3-30
In Russia, post-communist reforms to state social benefit policies have shown contradictory views of gender. On the one hand, reform showed a desire to promote gender equality between individuals, a view in which men and women alike were considered autonomous citizens. On the other hand, there was an impulse to consider women as a needy group dependent on special help from the state. This paper examines three related areas of policy: pronatalist policy, child welfare benefits, and old age pensions, in order to reveal unresolved issues in Russian social policies towards women and children. 相似文献
233.
234.
Michael Gordon PhD 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2013,61(1):46-48
Abstract Background: When H1N1 emerged in 2009, institutions of higher education were immediately faced with questions about how best to protect their community from the virus, yet limited information existed to help predict student preventive behaviors. Methods: The authors surveyed students at a large urban university in November 2009 to better understand how students perceived their susceptibility to and the severity of H1N1, which preventive behaviors they engaged in, and if policies impacted their preventive health decisions. Results: Preventive health behavior messaging had a mixed impact on students. Students made simple behavior changes to protect themselves from H1N1, especially if they perceived a high personal risk of contracting H1N1. Although policies were instituted to enable students to avoid classes when ill, almost no student self-isolated for the entire duration of their illness. Conclusions: These findings can help inform future decision making in a university setting to best influence preventive health behaviors. 相似文献
235.
Tania Veludo-de-Oliveira John G. Pallister Gordon R. Foxall 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2013,24(4):1180-1198
This study tested an expanded TBP model, which included personal norms and self-identity as cognitive variables, in a sample of current young volunteers of a general charity in the UK. Actual volunteering was measured via continued observation throughout the duration of the projects. An integrative model of sustained volunteering was proposed because some relationships did not follow the hypothesized paths. Subjective norm emerged as the exclusive determinant of sustained volunteering and also as the potential mediator of the effects of other variables over future volunteering behavior. Two focus groups with volunteers and 28 personal interviews with the coordinators of the volunteering projects were conducted to triangulate the research findings and reveal the main causes for drop-outs and non-attendance. 相似文献
236.
Gordon Fletcher Anita Greenhill Marie Griffiths Kate Holmes Rachel McLean 《生产规划与管理》2016,27(6):477-489
AbstractThis paper gives a voice to a range of community and individual stakeholders who would not generally be heard in the conventional town planning process. We present a methodological technique, described as creative prototyping, that has at its heart, the capability to enable full stakeholder inclusivity into the future imagining of the smart city. Actively involving these individuals and community representatives in the research process enables deeper understanding of how technology and people can interact productively to create smart cities that are socially inclusive while still being commercially relevant. The research data for this paper are drawn from the findings of a workshop conducted by the authors that utilised Science Fiction Prototyping and Lego Serious Play. This research activity was driven by questions focusing upon the current complex interplay and tensions of technology and the UK’s physical high street. We first explore these issues theoretically in previous literature and then drawn upon this review to analyse the outcomes of the workshop. Three themes emerge from this analysis that have operational and strategic relevance to the development of future high streets; the importance of ever present but invisible technology, the forefronting of people in the smart city and the need for wide-ranging stakeholder input and participation into planning. The findings also illustrate that not all future imaginings of the retail high street are immediately practical or realistically applicable. However, in examining the many issues facing the current high street and in negotiating the multiplicity of voices with their competing demands and expectations, we offer the conclusion that the future smart city must become a place of truly shared sociality – rather than just mere proximity, customised convenience or a concentration point for multiple forms of entertainment. 相似文献
237.
Valdimar Sigurdsson Halldor Engilbertsson Gordon Foxall 《Journal of Organizational Behavior Management》2013,33(3):222-233
An in-store experiment was performed to investigate the effects of a point-of-purchase display on unit sales of dishwashing liquid. The experimental conditions consisted of periodically placing two copies of the same display in convenience stores and supermarkets. The results were unanticipated; point-of-purchase displays did not change relative sales of the target brand. An antecedent intervention such as a point-of-purchase informational display is not sufficient to change consumer choice in the presence of utilitarian reinforcement in the form of a lower-priced competing product. 相似文献
238.
ABSTRACTIn noting that the usual criteria for choosing an optimal test, Uniform Power and Local Power are at opposite ends of a spectrum of dominance criteria, a complete “Power Dominance” family of criteria for classifying and choosing optimal tests on the basis of their power characteristics is identified, wherein successive orders of dominance attach increasing weight to power close to the null hypothesis. Indices of the extent to which a preferred test has superior power characteristics over other members in its class, and an index of the proximity of a test to the envelope function of alternative tests are also provided. The ideas are exemplified using various optimal test statistics for Normal and Laplace population distributions. 相似文献
239.
Frederic Paik Schoenberg Joshua Seth Gordon Ryan J. Harrigan 《Journal of nonparametric statistics》2018,30(3):742-757
In 2008, Marsan and Lengliné presented a nonparametric way to estimate the triggering function of a Hawkes process. Their method requires an iterative and computationally intensive procedure which ultimately produces only approximate maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) whose asymptotic properties are poorly understood. Here, we note a mathematical curiosity that allows one to compute, directly and extremely rapidly, exact MLEs of the nonparametric triggering function. The method here requires that the number q of intervals on which the nonparametric estimate is sought equals the number n of observed points. The resulting estimates have very high variance but may be smoothed to form more stable estimates. The performance and computational efficiency of the proposed method is verified in two disparate, highly challenging simulation scenarios: first to estimate the triggering functions, with simulation-based 95% confidence bands, for earthquakes and their aftershocks in Loma Prieta, California, and second, to characterise triggering in confirmed cases of plague in the United States over the last century. In both cases, the proposed estimator can be used to describe the rate of contagion of the processes in detail, and the computational efficiency of the estimator facilitates the construction of simulation-based confidence intervals. 相似文献
240.
T. Jaki A. Gordon P. Forster L. Bijnens B. Bornkamp W. Brannath R. Fontana M. Gasparini L.V. Hampson T. Jacobs B. Jones X. Paoletti M. Posch A. Titman R. Vonk F. Koenig 《Pharmaceutical statistics》2018,17(5):593-606
This paper provides an overview of “Improving Design, Evaluation and Analysis of early drug development Studies” (IDEAS), a European Commission–funded network bringing together leading academic institutions and small‐ to large‐sized pharmaceutical companies to train a cohort of graduate‐level medical statisticians. The network is composed of a diverse mix of public and private sector partners spread across Europe, which will host 14 early‐stage researchers for 36 months. IDEAS training activities are composed of a well‐rounded mixture of specialist methodological components and generic transferable skills. Particular attention is paid to fostering collaborations between researchers and supervisors, which span academia and the private sector. Within this paper, we review existing medical statistics programmes (MSc and PhD) and highlight the training they provide on skills relevant to drug development. Motivated by this review and our experiences with the IDEAS project, we propose a concept for a joint, harmonised European PhD programme to train statisticians in quantitative methods for drug development. 相似文献