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961.
Although e-government initiatives have been credited as enginesof government reform, empirical evidence is insufficient todetermine their effects on public sector performance. To explorethe impact of e-government on local governance, this articleexamines how e-government initiatives influence the perceivedperformance of environmental decision making in an urban contextand what organizational and contextual factors affect Web-aideddecision performance. Data were collected from the content analysisof city government Web sites and a nationwide survey of cityofficials in Korea. Findings from path analysis show that (1)information technology leadership of senior management and Website quality are key to decision intelligence, quality, andspeed and (2) e-government Web divide, a gap in the capabilityof city Web sites to support public service delivery and democraticinteraction, translates into disparities in environmental decisionperformance across cities. Additionally, environmental activismis a significant factor shaping the impact of e-government onenvironmental decision making. E-government initiatives contributeto local governance performance, but their impacts vary, dependingon Web site quality and the entrepreneurial leadership of publicmanagers. 相似文献
962.
Although multiple indices were introduced in the area of agreement measurements, the only documented index for linear relational agreement, which is for interval scale data, is the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Despite its meaningfulness, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient does not convey the practical information such as what proportion of observations is within a certain boundary of the target value. To address this need, based on the inverse regression, we proposed the adjusted mean squared deviation (AMSD), adjusted coverage probability (ACP), and adjusted total deviation index (ATDI) for the measurement of the relational agreement. They can serve as reasonable and practically meaningful measurements for relational agreement. Real life data are considered to illustrate the performance of the methods. 相似文献
963.
1891年,重庆开办森昌火柴厂,是为巴蜀地区第一家民族资本企业。创办之初,重庆地区的火柴企业曾拥有政府授予的特许经营权达25年。随着外商资本力量的介入,这一格局发生了变化,催生了挂外商牌的火柴企业。重庆本土火柴企业的产品多为土火柴,与国外火柴相比,制作技术相对落后。尽管如此,重庆地区的民族火柴业在这种环境下逐渐兴起,并发展成为中国火柴业早期的中心之一。 相似文献
964.
It is quite common that raters may need to classify a sample of subjects on a categorical scale. Perfect agreement can rarely be observed partly because of different perceptions about the meanings of the category labels between raters and partly because of factors such as intrarater variability. Usually, category indistinguishability occurs between adjacent categories. In this article, we propose a simple log-linear model combining ordinal scale information and category distinguishability between ordinal categories for modelling agreement between two raters. For the proposed model, no score assignment is required to the ordinal categories. An algorithm and statistical properties will be provided. 相似文献
965.
A study of the impact of environmental surroundings on personal well-being in urban China using a multi-item well-being indicator 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Smyth Russell Nielsen Ingrid Zhai Qingguo Liu Tiemin Liu Yin Tang Chunyong Wang Zhihong Wang Zuxiang Zhang Juyong 《Population and environment》2011,32(4):353-375
We examine the relationship between atmospheric and water pollution, traffic congestion, access to parkland and personal well-being
using a survey administered across six Chinese cities in 2007. In contrast to existing studies of well-being determinants
by economists which typically employ single-item indicators, we use the Personal Well-being Index (PWI). We also employ the
Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) to measure job satisfaction, which is one of the variables for which we control when examining
the relationship between environmental surroundings and personal well-being. Previous research by psychologists has shown
the PWI and JSS to have good psychometric properties in western and Chinese samples. A robust finding is that in cities with
higher levels of atmospheric pollution and traffic congestion, respondents report lower levels of personal well-being ceteris paribus. Specifically, we find that a one standard deviation increase in suspended particles or sulphur dioxide emissions is roughly
equivalent to a 12–13% reduction in average monthly income in the six cities. 相似文献
966.
In this paper, we study a k-step-stress accelerated life test under Type-I censoring. The lifetime of the items follows the multivariate exponential distribution and a cumulative exposure model is considered. We derive the maximum likelihood estimators of the model parameters and establish the asymptotic properties of them. The problem of choosing the optimal time is addressed by using V-optimality as well as D-optimality criteria. Finally, some numerical studies are discussed to illustrate the proposed procedures. 相似文献
967.
股权分置改革对提高投资者保护水平、完善公司治理机制具有积极作用.这一改革符合“法与金融”的基本原理,沪深两市在股权分置改革前后五年间发生的控制权转移事件为其提供了一个可靠样本,“法与金融“理论从控制权转移市场公告反应的角度,为投资者保护效应提供了新的证据. 相似文献
968.
969.
A three‐arm trial including an experimental treatment, an active reference treatment and a placebo is often used to assess the non‐inferiority (NI) with assay sensitivity of an experimental treatment. Various hypothesis‐test‐based approaches via a fraction or pre‐specified margin have been proposed to assess the NI with assay sensitivity in a three‐arm trial. There is little work done on confidence interval in a three‐arm trial. This paper develops a hybrid approach to construct simultaneous confidence interval for assessing NI and assay sensitivity in a three‐arm trial. For comparison, we present normal‐approximation‐based and bootstrap‐resampling‐based simultaneous confidence intervals. Simulation studies evidence that the hybrid approach with the Wilson score statistic performs better than other approaches in terms of empirical coverage probability and mesial‐non‐coverage probability. An example is used to illustrate the proposed approaches. 相似文献
970.
唐旭斌 《江苏大学学报(社会科学版)》2011,13(3):64-69
新中国成立30年来,中国的农村环境逐步遭受到污染,其根本原因是新中国相当长时期内执行了一条优先发展高污染的重化工业的工业化方针。为了解决日益显现出来的农村环境污染问题,政府将环境问题列入了议事日程,相应的治理措施也陆续出台。回顾历史,这一时期环境问题的出现有其特定的国际和国内背景。审视当时政府治理农村环境问题的政策和措施,其历史局限性十分明显。时至今日,这种局限性仍然没有根本改观。 相似文献