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51.
Gunnar L. H. Svendsen 《Theory and Society》2006,35(1):39-70
In recent years, the concept of social capital – broadly defined as co-operative networks based on regular, personal contact
and trust – has been widely applied within cross-disciplinary human science research, primarily by economists, political scientists
and sociologists. In this article, I argue why and how fieldwork anthropologists should fill a gap in the social capital literature
by highlighting how social capital is being built in situ. I suggest that the recent inventions of “bridging” and “bonding” social capital, e.g., inclusive and exclusive types of
social capital, are fruitful concepts to apply in an anthropological fieldwork setting. Thus, my case study on the relationship
between local people and newcomers in the rural Danish marginal municipality of Ravnsborg seeks to reveal processes of bridging/bonding
social capital building. Such a case study at the micro level has general policy implications for a cultural clash between
two different groups by demonstrating the complexity of a social capital mix where bonding social capital strongly prevails.
This ultimately leads to a “social trap” (Rothstein 2005), implying widespread distrust and serious social and economic costs
for a whole population.
Gunnar Lind Haase Svendsen is Senior Researcher, at the Institute of Rural Research and Development, Southern University of Denmark. He is the co-author,
with G. T. Svendsen, of The Creation and Destruction of Social Capital: Entrepreneurship, Co-operative Movements and Institutions (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, 2004, Paperback edition, October 2005); and author of Samarbejde og konfrontation. Opbygning og nedbrydning af social kapital i de danske landdistrikter 1864–2003 [Cooperation and Confrontation. The Creation and Destruction of Social Capital in Rural Denmark 1864–2003], Ph.D. dissertation,
University of Sourthern Denmark, Esbjerg, 2004: http://www.humaniora.sdu.dk/phd/dokumenter/filer/Afhandlinger-30.pdfg. Gunnar
Svendsen's scholarly interests include Bourdieusian Economics (new socioeconomics), capital theory, social capital, rural
civic movements, and rural discourses. He has recently finished a research project for the Danish Ministry of the Interior
about the role of intangible assets (culture, networks, and historical traditions) for differences in economic performance
(DEP) among four Danish local communities. 相似文献
52.
This article argues for a more careful consideration of theoretical and methodological approaches in studies of the effects of public policies, labeled here as family policies, on childbearing behavior. We employ elements of comparative welfare‐state research, of the sociology of “constructed categories,” and of “the new institutionalism” to demonstrate that investigations into policy effects need to contextualize policies and need to reduce their complexity by focusing on “critical junctures,”“space,” and “uptake.” We argue that the effects of family policies can only be assessed properly if we study their impact on individual behavior. Event‐history models applied to individual‐level data are the state‐of‐the‐art of such an approach. We use selected empirical studies from Sweden to demonstrate that the type of approach that we advocate prevents us from drawing misleading conclusions. 相似文献
53.
54.
A precise estimator for the log-normal mean 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The log-normal distribution is frequently encountered in applications. The uniformly minimum variance unbiased (UMVU) estimator for the log-normal mean is given explicitly by a formula found by Finney in 1941. In contrast to this the most commonly used estimator for a log-normal mean is the sample mean. This is possibly due to the complexity of the formula given by Finney. A modified maximum likelihood estimator which approximates the UMVU estimator is derived here. It is sufficiently simple to be implemented in elementary spreadsheet applications. An elementary approximate formula for the root-mean-square error of the suggested estimator and the UMVU estimator is presented. The suggested estimator is compared with the sample mean, the maximum likelihood, and the UMVU estimators by Monte Carlo simulation in terms of root-mean-square error. 相似文献
55.
56.
The fiducial coincides with the posterior in a group model equipped with the right Haar prior. This result is generalized here. For this the underlying probability space of Kolmogorov is replaced by a σ-finite measure space and fiducial theory is presented within this frame. Examples are presented that demonstrate that this also gives good alternatives to existing Bayesian sampling methods. It is proved that the results provided here for fiducial models imply that the theory of invariant measures for groups cannot be generalized directly to loops: there exist a smooth one-dimensional loop where an invariant measure does not exist. 相似文献
57.
Grethe Eilertsen Gunnar Horgen Tor Martin Kvikstad Helle K. Falkenberg 《Journal of Housing for the Elderly》2013,27(2):199-213
ABSTRACTLighting has been identified as a significant environmental attribute for promoting vision and general health among older people, enabling successful aging at home, but it has received little attention in the literature. Indoor lighting levels, self-reported vision and general health, and activities of daily life were measured in 114 healthy 75-year-old Norwegians. Despite very low levels of indoor lighting, the subjects were happy and healthy. There is a large discrepancy between self-assessed health and recommended lighting levels, and low awareness of the effect of lighting on age-related vision loss or daily living in the future. Knowledge of how to utilize indoor lighting to ensure healthy and safe aging in the home is needed. 相似文献
58.
Abstract The rise of managed care as the dominant form of healthcare delivery in the U.S. clearly has dramatic implications for the profession of social work. Thus far and for good reasons, the professional dialog about managed care has largely focused on . the threats posed to the professional agenda of social work by managed care in its various forms. This article considers some of the more positive aspects of the transformation from fee‐based to population‐based healthcare systems, in particular the vigorous trend toward multidisciplinary primary care and collaborative mental health practice in primary care settings. It is argued that the market forces behind this trend also promote the emergence of models of social work practice that better integrate historically dichotomized aspects of health and mental health practice. Also considered are implications for social work education and the division of labor among the healthcare professions. 相似文献
59.
The popularity of a particular term – the Rotten Banana – has paralleled the one-sided centralisation of public services since the Danish Municipal Reform of 2007. The Rotten Banana denotes peripheral Denmark, which takes a geographically curved form that resembles a banana, and it symbolises the belief that rural areas are backward and (too) costly. This article shows how the negative connotations of rural areas have come to outweigh the positive ones and to legitimise liberal visions of the ‘sustainable’ welfare state. Whereas previous studies on the perceptions of rural dwellers have focused on the discourses of rurality that produce rural outsiders, this article builds on the work of de Certeau and of Laclau and Mouffe. Based on both quantitative and qualitative data, the study shows how, in Denmark, negative connotations and centralisation have together spurred a new and political mobilisation in many parts of the ‘banana’. Through skilful ‘consumption’, rural dwellers have adapted the alienating liberalist ‘logic of equivalence’ to their own use and produced a ‘logic of difference’, thus challenging the predominant political discourse of rurality. As a result, the Danish Liberal government was forced to introduce a new and more inclusive rural policy in September of 2010 and grant rural dwellers a political voice in parliament. 相似文献
60.
It has been argued that a society's gender system may influence parents' sex preferences for children. If this is true, one should expect to find no evidence of such preferences in countries with a high level of gender equality. In this article, we exploit data from population registers from Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden to examine continuities and changes in parental sex preferences in the Nordic countries during the past three to four decades. First, we do not observe an effect of the sex of the first born child on second-birth risks. Second, we detect a distinct preference for at least one child of each sex among parents of two children. For third births, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish parents seem to develop a preference for having a daughter, while Finns exhibit a significant preference for having a son. These findings show that modernization and more equal opportunities for women and men do not necessarily lead to parental gender indifference. On the contrary, they may even result in new sex preferences. 相似文献