Consistency of minimizing a penalized density power divergence estimator for mixing distribution

In this paper, we study the MDPDE (minimizing a density power divergence estimator), proposed by Basu et al. (Biometrika 85:549–559, 1998), for mixing distributions whose component densities are members of some known parametric family. As with the ordinary MDPDE, we also consider a penalized version of the estimator, and show that they are consistent in the sense of weak convergence. A simulation result is provided to illustrate the robustness. Finally, we apply the penalized method to analyzing the red blood cell SLC data presented in Roeder (J Am Stat Assoc 89:487–495, 1994). This research was supported (in part) by KOSEF through Statistical Research Center for Complex Systems at Seoul National University.     

A note on the equality of the OLSE and the BLUE of the parametric function in the general Gauss–Markov model

In this note we consider the equality of the ordinary least squares estimator (OLSE) and the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) of the estimable parametric function in the general Gauss–Markov model. Especially we consider the structures of the covariance matrix V for which the OLSE equals the BLUE. Our results are based on the properties of a particular reparametrized version of the original Gauss–Markov model.      

Estimating a sensitive proportion through randomized response procedures based on auxiliary information

Randomized response techniques are widely employed in surveys dealing with sensitive questions to ensure interviewee anonymity and reduce nonrespondents rates and biased responses. Since Warner’s (J Am Stat Assoc 60:63–69, 1965) pioneering work, many ingenious devices have been suggested to increase respondent’s privacy protection and to better estimate the proportion of people, π _A , bearing a sensitive attribute. In spite of the massive use of auxiliary information in the estimation of non-sensitive parameters, very few attempts have been made to improve randomization strategy performance when auxiliary variables are available. Moving from Zaizai’s (Model Assist Stat Appl 1:125–130, 2006) recent work, in this paper we provide a class of estimators for π _A , for a generic randomization scheme, when the mean of a supplementary non-sensitive variable is known. The minimum attainable variance bound of the class is obtained and the best estimator is also identified. We prove that the best estimator acts as a regression-type estimator which is at least as efficient as the corresponding estimator evaluated without allowing for the auxiliary variable. The general results are then applied to Warner and Simmons’ model.     

重审中国近现代启蒙话语

中国近现代启蒙主要是知识和思想的普及.自洋务运动至五四新文化运动,经过启蒙,中国在输入和接受西方现代知识并融合中国传统知识精华的过程中逐步建立了比较完备的现代知识谱系,从而整体性地置换了传统的四部之学.在启蒙作为知识谱系建构的意义上,中国近现代启蒙具有强烈的知识性,在知识性的意义上具有理性.启蒙从根本上是一种话语,作为话语,它是思想形态,但这并不是说启蒙与社会实践无关,恰恰相反,启蒙话语与一般哲学思想最大的不同就是它不是玄思性的,不是抽象问题的抽象思考,而是指向实践,始终与社会实践紧密地结合在一起,既来源于实践又回到实践,从而具有实践意向.     

孟子“不忍人之心”的哲学阐释

孟子仁学能够同时在形上与形下两个层面充分展开仁的超越性与可切近性的论证。人即仁,仁即人。人、仁始终统一。"不忍人之心"是可感、可知的,随意而发,随情而生,它可以与经验事物联系在一起,又可以获得形上的本体超越。人之"四端"萌动,仁意呈现。一切体仁、达仁的追求都不过是"四端"的发现与推广。"存心"、"养心"、"求放心"的工夫要求人们始终保持自己身上区别于动物的仁义之道,进而达到仁性本体。而以"亲亲"释仁,则准确地获得为仁情感的源发性与真切性。行仁、为仁的底线伦理就是敬爱父母、尊重父母,即善守孝道。王道艰深,但奥妙只在于"以德服人",即用自己的德行赢得天下人民的爱戴与信服。     

论鲁迅小说的非常规修辞艺术

鲁迅的小说集《呐喊》与《彷徨》是一部"语言的艺术作品"。作为语言艺术大师,鲁迅非常重视修辞,非常善于修辞。他的小说内蕴着伟大的精神、广播的知识和真知灼见,同时又体现了高超的修辞技巧和独特的语言风格。这主要体现在:丰富独创的辞格运用;古朴凝练的短句艺术;多彩精湛的语言变异艺术。     

转型期民事纠纷的可诉范围研究——以诉的利益为视角

民事纠纷如果需要通过诉讼方式解决,必须具备"可诉性"或"可司法性",即具备由诉讼来解决纠纷所需要的条件或特征.关于纠纷的可诉性问题,我国<民事诉讼法>的规定是模糊、不确定的.本文分析了现行法律规定下,纠纷可诉性范围存在的问题,引申出"诉的利益"的概念.诉的利益是我国诉讼法上所没有的概念,通过对诉的利益的分析,纠纷的可诉性可以得到合理的界定.此外,还对诉的利益的制度保障提出了对策和思路,并建议完善诉讼外的纠纷替代性解决机制.     

Investigating the mechanism of marital mortality reduction: The transition to widowhood and quality of health care

While it is well known that the widowed suffer increased mortality risks, the mechanism of this survival disadvantage is still under investigation. In this article, we examine the quality of health care as a possible link between widowhood and mortality using a unique data set of 475,313 elderly couples who were followed up for up to nine years. We address whether the transition to widowhood affects the quality of care that individuals receive and explore the extent to which these changes mediate the elevated mortality hazard for the widowed. We analyze six established measures of quality of health care in a fixed-effect framework to account for unobserved heterogeneity. Caregiving and acute bereavement during the transition to widowhood appear to distract individuals from taking care of their own health care needs in the short run. However, being widowed does not have long-term detrimental effects on individuals’ ability to sustain contact with the formal medical system. Moreover, the short-run disruption does not mediate the widowhood effect on mortality. Nevertheless, long after spousal death, men suffer from a decline in the quality of informal care, coordination between formal and informal care, and the ability to advocate and communicate in formal medical settings. These findings illustrate women’s centrality in the household production of health and identify important points of intervention in optimizing men’s adjustment to widowhood.