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251.
Caroline Dewilde 《Social indicators research》2008,86(2):233-256
In this article we evaluate to what extent between-country differences in the probability of being ‘multidimensional’ poor
can be explained by a range of ‘domain-specific’ indicators of welfare regime arrangements. To this end, a so-called micro-macro
model is estimated, testing the ‘independent’ effect of institutions, as opposed to alternative explanations such as between-country
differences in population composition and economic affluence. Although we conclude that institutional arrangements do influence
the risk of multidimensional poverty in the expected direction, we also find that bringing the ‘economy’ back into the analyses
has a non-trivial impact. Our results point at several avenues for further discussion and research. First, although the more
elaborate welfare regimes generally do a better job in preventing poverty, the level of transfers is not always ‘proportional’
to the general standard of living in these countries. Second, we only find partial confirmation for the often cited ‘negative’
impact of labour market flexibility and the related equality-jobs trade-off. While stricter employment regulations do reduce the poverty risk (be it only after controlling for economic affluence),
flexibility in terms of the availability of fixed-term labour seems to be preferable to unemployment, even if at the individual
level, labour market flexibility increases the likelihood of being poor quite severely.
相似文献
Caroline DewildeEmail: |
252.
The City of Saskatoon’s Local Area Planning (LAP) Program is a community-based approach to developing comprehensive neighbourhood
plans. In order to achieve sustainable and implementable Local Area Plans (LAPs), the City of Saskatoon has been using innovative
methods of collaborative decision-making to engage citizens. The program has been recognized nationally by the Federation
of Canadian Municipalities for demonstrating innovative approaches to citizen engagement in Sustainable Community Planning.
A total of eight LAPs have been adopted by City Council and 212 recommendations have been approved, with 101 of these recommendations
being completed, 71 currently in progress and 40 to be determined. Great strides have been made to implement the LAPs by allocating
resources for coordinating implementation, working with communities, and for implementing the various recommendations. In
addition, over 1,000 people representing various interests have participated in one or more LAP Committee or implementation
meetings. Through this participation, partnerships have been formed, program and service delivery has been improved, and most
importantly, communities have taken ownership of their plans. After completing eight LAPs, the LAP communities, City Council
and city planners have felt the need to measure ongoing changes and progress in the LAP communities. In recognition of this,
the City of Saskatoon’s City Planning Branch will be working with LAP communities, the Community-University Institute for
Social Research (CUISR) and other stakeholders to develop a framework for statistically measuring changes in LAP communities
and to monitor “Neighbourhood Success Factors”. The Neighbourhood Success Factors will work to detect serious socio-economic
conditions before they reach a point of crisis. This paper will first describe the LAP Program before reviewing the proposed
framework for statistically measuring changes in Saskatoon’s neighbourhoods.
相似文献
Kelley MooreEmail: |
253.
Matt Vassar 《Social indicators research》2008,86(1):47-57
The purpose of the present study was to meta-analytically investigate the score reliability for the Satisfaction With Life
Scale. Four-hundred and sixteen articles using the measure were located through electronic database searches and then separated
to identify studies which had calculated reliability estimates from their own data. Sixty-two articles met this criterion,
providing 76 reliability coefficients. The articles comprising the sample were next coded to identify potential sample or
test characteristics that might affect the variation in reliability estimates. Results indicate that score standard deviation,
mean, percent female, US samples, English test version, and youth samples demonstrated significant relationships with score
reliability. Results from this study provide useful information, in terms of scale performance, for researchers interested
in using the measure for future academic endeavors.
相似文献
Matt VassarEmail: |
254.
Informal Food Production in the Enlarged European Union 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
How widespread is the production of food in old and new member states of the European Union and what is the social meaning or logic of such activities? We show that growing food is (a) more widespread in former communist countries than in traditional market economies and (b) is predominantly a hobby or recreational activity in affluent countries, but a coping strategy in reaction to experienced difficulties in making ends meet in poorer nations, and especially so in the former communist countries. 相似文献
255.
John Ermisch 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(4):827-853
The paper presents a model of a non-resident father’s child support and contact with his child, which combines the public
good treatment of “child quality” with “trade” in father–child contact time in a setting of non-cooperative interaction. It
predicts that father’s income and mother’s non-labour income should have exactly the same effect on the frequency of father–child
contact if he chooses to make lump sum payments to the mother. If he does not or there is a binding child support payment
order, they have effects opposite in direction. A higher binding support order reduces father–child contact but may well raise
“child quality”.
相似文献
John ErmischEmail: |
256.
A single latent variable model of health status and therapeutic health care utilization is estimated for parents and own children
of 6,557 US households. The equation system that identifies latent health status simultaneously determines a number of indicators
of general health, including presence of morbidity symptoms, mobility limitations, medication needs, and utilization of therapeutic
health care services. The main goal of the paper was to obtain an unbiased estimate of parents’ marginal substitution rate
between own and child health. Results indicate that parents’ valuation of their children’s health exceeds their valuation
of own health by almost twofold on average.
相似文献
Thomas D. CrockerEmail: |
257.
We investigate the impact of health shocks on wealth, using all four waves of the Health and Retirement Study, and estimate
not only the short-term effect but also the long-term effect of health shocks on wealth of the elderly. We find that new health
events lower wealth in elders during the period in which such health shocks occur, but the impact tends to disappear over
time. We also find that health shocks result in greater wealth depletion when they occur later in life. Together with existing
health problems, the overall impact of health problems on wealth increases over time.
相似文献
Hyungsoo KimEmail: |
258.
This paper examines the nonmarket interactions among migrants in the urban labor market of Bangkok, Thailand. We test whether
the population size and the labor-market performance of previous migrants have externalities to new migrants who have moved
from the same province of origin. Our empirical results, which control origin fixed effects, time fixed effects, and origin-
and year-specific correlated shocks, show that (1) the relative population size of previous migrants in the market decreases
the employment probability of new migrants (substitution effect), (2) the employment probability of previous migrants increases
that of new migrants (positive externalities), and (3) when the employment probability of previous migrants is high, however,
the scale effect becomes positive, which demonstrates a threshold in the informational scale economies. The results imply
that positive informational scale effect dominates negative substitution effect when the efficiency of previous migrants is
sufficiently high in the destination labor market.
相似文献
Futoshi YamauchiEmail: |
259.
Evelyn L. Lehrer 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(2):463-484
An early age at first marriage is known to be associated with a high risk of divorce. Yet, it has been suggested that beyond
a certain point, the relationship between age at marriage and marital instability may become positive because as unmarried
women begin to hear their biological clock tick, they may settle for matches far from the optimal. Analyses based on cycles
5 and 6 of the National Surveys of Family Growth show that the relationship between age at marriage and marital instability
is strongly negative up to the late 20s, with a flattening of the curve thereafter.
相似文献
Evelyn L. LehrerEmail: |
260.
Given that savings behaviour and worker productivity have strong life-cycle components and given that demographic profiles
vary across countries, population age structure should be linked to differences in levels of economic development. In this
paper, we measure the economic importance of age structure variation for the global economy. We find that demographic maturation
has been associated with nearly half of the evolution of global per capita GDP since 1960. We also find that age structure
differences can account for just over half of the variation in worldwide per capita GDP (i.e. the lack of sigma convergence)
observed since 1960.
相似文献
Pablo Hernández de Cos (Corresponding author)Email: |