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261.
Diane S. Lauderdale 《Demography》2001,38(4):551-561
Previous studies have found that educational differences in mortality are weaker among the elderly. In this study I examine whether either cohort or period effects may have influenced the interpretation of age effects. Six 10-year birth cohorts are followed over 30 years through decennial censuses. Differential survival is inferred from changes in the relative proportions of a cohort in each education category as the cohort ages. In cross-section, younger persons generally show stronger education effects on survival, although this pattern is clearer for women than for men. There is evidence of period effects. Within cohorts, relative survival tends to increase with age. 相似文献
262.
Hilary Levey 《Qualitative sociology》2009,32(3):311-331
This paper explores roles that children play in ethnographic research. Based on the limited literature on children in the
field, and drawing on examples from ethnographies across disciplines, I identify four roles for children: 1) as “wedges,”
or as instrumentally important in helping adult ethnographers gain access in various ways; 2) as collaborators; 3) as objects
of study; and 4) as subjects of study. I also discuss the ways in which these roles illuminate key methodological issues in
ethnography, like reflexivity, ethics, and agency. The paper synthesizes and integrates previously disconnected research on
the presence of children in the field with ethnographies in which children and childhood are the topics of research. I draw
on my own fieldwork experiences for further illustration.
Hilary Levey is a PhD candidate in sociology at Princeton University. Her research interests include childhood, culture, gender, and qualitative methods, and her dissertation is an ethnography of competitive children’s activities, with a focus on elementary school-age children’s participation in chess, dance, and soccer. She has previously studied child beauty pageants and Kumon Math and Reading Centers. 相似文献
Hilary LeveyEmail: |
Hilary Levey is a PhD candidate in sociology at Princeton University. Her research interests include childhood, culture, gender, and qualitative methods, and her dissertation is an ethnography of competitive children’s activities, with a focus on elementary school-age children’s participation in chess, dance, and soccer. She has previously studied child beauty pageants and Kumon Math and Reading Centers. 相似文献
263.
This paper studies a class of social welfare relations (SWRs) on the set of infinite utility streams. In particular, we examine
the SWRs satisfying -Anonymity, an impartiality axiom stronger than Finite Anonymity, as well as Strong Pareto and a certain equity axiom. First,
we characterize the extension of the generalized Lorenz SWR by combining -Anonymity with Strong Pareto and Pigou–Dalton Equity. Second, we replace Pigou–Dalton Equity with Hammond Equity for characterizing
the extended leximin SWR. Third, we give an alternative characterization of the extended utilitarian SWR by substituting Incremental
Equity for Pigou–Dalton Equity. 相似文献
264.
We consider the fraction of pairs of m distinct alternatives on which a social welfare function f may be nondictatorially independent and Pareto when the domain of f satisfies the free k-tuple property. When k = 4 we improve the existing upper bound to . When there are at least 26 alternatives and we obtain an original upper bound, . To obtain these results we define and analyze the graph formed from the nondictatorial independent and Pareto pairs and
combine the results of this analysis with known results from extremal graph theory.
The authors extend special thanks to the two reviewers and the editor for their comments. 相似文献
265.
Michele Lombardi 《Social Choice and Welfare》2009,32(4):687-695
We study necessary and sufficient conditions for a multi-valued solution S to be rationalized in the following sense: there exists a complete asymmetric relation T (a tournament) such that, for each feasible (finite) set, the solution set of S coincides with the minimal covering set of T restricted to that feasible set. Our characterization result relies only on properties relating S across feasible choice sets. 相似文献
266.
Vincent Anesi 《Social Choice and Welfare》2009,32(2):197-219
Most political and economic theorists point to moral hazard in teams as the main obstacle to lobbies’ collective action. In
this paper, we address this important issue with a coalition-formation game. In the process of doing so, we characterize equilibrium
lobby structures both in the absence and in the presence of moral hazard. Three notable results emerge from such an exercise:
(1) an equilibrium lobby structure exists under both specifications of the model, (2) moral hazard in teams may raise large
groups’ equilibrium lobby size, and (3) it may also raise the level of collective action of large groups with low organizational
costs.
I wish to express my appreciation to Helmuth Cremer, Philippe De Donder, Kai A. Konrad, Michel Le Breton, Daniel Seidmann,
Shlomo Weber, an associate editor of this journal and a referee for valuable comments and suggestions. I am also grateful
to Paul Belleflamme, Francis Bloch, Robert Dur, Joan Esteban, Debraj Ray, and the audience at the CESifo Area Conference on
Public Sector Economics 2006 and at the 15th Aix-Marseille SSIEIO for helpful discussions. 相似文献
267.
Joanna Dreby 《Qualitative sociology》2009,32(1):33-52
Transnational social networks powerfully shape Mexican migration and enable families to stretch internationally. In an atmosphere
of such high dependence on social networks, it would be rare for families not to be affected by the opinions of others. This
article analyzes this often-overlooked aspect of social networks, gossip. I analyze gossip stories prevalent for one type
of migrant family, those in which parents and children live apart. Drawing on over 150 ethnographic interviews and observation
with members of Mexican transnational families and their neighbors in multiple sites, I describe both parents’ and children’s
experiences with transnational gossip. I show that in a transnational context, gossip is a highly gendered activity with different
consequences for men and women. Although targeting both women and men, transnational gossip reinforces the expectations that
mothers be family caregivers and fathers be family providers even when physical separation makes these activities difficult
to accomplish.
Joanna Dreby is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Kent State University. Her research focuses on the consequences contemporary migration patterns have for family relationships and particularly for children. Current projects include a study of the impact different family migration patterns have on Mexican school children’s educational and migratory aspirations, and research into how U.S. migration affects the way young Mexican children imagine their families and the United States. 相似文献
Joanna DrebyEmail: |
Joanna Dreby is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Kent State University. Her research focuses on the consequences contemporary migration patterns have for family relationships and particularly for children. Current projects include a study of the impact different family migration patterns have on Mexican school children’s educational and migratory aspirations, and research into how U.S. migration affects the way young Mexican children imagine their families and the United States. 相似文献
268.
Margarethe Kusenbach 《Qualitative sociology》2009,32(4):399-428
This paper is based on 45 ethnographic interviews conducted with residents of mobile home communities in West Central Florida
between 2005 and 2008. It investigates their strategies of managing the stigma that is commonly associated with living in
a mobile home. Informants routinely encounter negative stereotypes regarding their “trailer” home, community, and lifestyle
in public discourse and personal interactions, and consequently have developed ways of salvaging their decency. My analysis
of these strategies particularly emphasizes two versions of distancing, here called “bordering” and “fencing,” as examples
of symbolic boundary work. Other techniques discussed include ignoring, passing, humoring, resisting, normalizing, upstaging,
and blaming. Throughout the paper, I argue that mobile home residents’ ways of salvaging decency are both similar and different
compared to how other disparaged groups deal with stigmatization. The conclusion discusses broader sociological implications
of the research in enhancing our understanding of the experience of stigmatization, folk conceptions of decency, symbolic
and social differentiation, as well as race and class dynamics. 相似文献
269.
Miles L. Patterson Mark E. Tubbs Glenn Carrier Larissa K. Barber 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2009,33(4):239-249
An integrated, computer-based system was developed to record participants’ continuous judgment changes on a revised form of the Interpersonal Perception Task (IPT-15). Consistent with the considerable research on “thin slice” judgments, the mean latency for greater than chance accuracy confidence was just 16 s (median = 10 s) for the ten one-part scenes on the IPT. There was also a clear and strong linear trend for increasing accuracy confidence across the first 25 s of the ten one-part scenes. For the five-two-part scenes, where comparative judgments were required (e.g., which statement is truthful, which is a lie?), no clear pattern of increasing accuracy confidence was found, with mean scores hovering near chance. The utility of the new system for analyzing the time course of social judgments is discussed and the potential reasons for the contrasting results for the one-part and two-part scenes were examined. 相似文献
270.
Judith A. Hall Susan A. Andrzejewski Jennelle E. Yopchick 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2009,33(3):149-180
This meta-analysis examines how interpersonal sensitivity (IS), defined as accurate judgment or recall of others’ behavior
or appearance, is related to psychosocial characteristics of the perceiver, defined as personality traits, social and emotional
functioning, life experiences, values, attitudes, and self-concept. For 215 independent studies reported in 96 published sources,
higher IS was generally associated with favorable or adaptive psychosocial functioning. Significant mean correlations were
found for 27 of the 40 categories of psychosocial variables; these categories covered many different personality traits, indicators
of mental health, and social and work-related competencies. Moreover, many additional studies that fell outside these conceptual
categories also showed significant positive relations between IS and numerous other psychosocial variables. Taken together,
the results support the construct validity of IS tests and demonstrate that IS is associated with many important aspects of
personal and social functioning.
相似文献
Judith A. HallEmail: |