论中国技术创新的"核心"产业

1999年,我国国内发明专利比1998年增长87.13%.这一发明专利高增长的基本原因是投资日益转向电子电气设备和运输设备等高创新率的技术产业.因而,确定技术创新的核心产业,将加快中国技术创新的速度,并使中国的技术创新方向迅速融入到全球的主流技术产业中.     

从经济价值观角度看西方主流经济学中的效率范畴

从分析西方主流经济学家对效率范畴的界定及对影响经济效率因素的剖析出发 ,文章指出西方主流经济学家对效率范畴的态度和直接向人们推销特定的价值观 :效率第一主义。在市场经济条件下 ,追求经济效率是必要的 ,否则社会难以正常运转。但把追求效率变成效率第一主义 ,在理论上的失足是明显的 ,在实践上则会对个人和社会造成危害。尽管如此 ,西方主流经济学家对提高效率的途径与方法的探讨仍然值得我们借鉴。     

自由选择与责任——从《恭顺的妓女》看萨特的存在主义哲学

萨特的境遇剧<恭顺的妓女>中丽瑟的行为阐释了萨特的存在主义哲学的核心--自由选择和选择是要负责任的,即在求生存的选择中对自我或社会所负的责任.     

嬗变中的全球化与中国社会关系嬗变

当中国社会纵向穿越全球化横向空间时,两者的关联度迅速提高,并引起中国社会关系及结构发生深刻变化。那就是:一种非国家层面的(国体与政体关系除外)、对中国社会所有累积性关系产生重大影响的、新型"社会契约关系"正在形成。     

DRTC＋＋：一个面向对象的分布式实时程序设计语言

提出了一个面向对象的分布式实时程序设计语言ＤＲＴＣ＋＋。它是在Ｃ＋＋语言的基础上进行了扩充，增加了分布功能和通信功能，引入了活跃对象、共享对象、活跃对象的时间封装机制、对象的访问权限等功能。ＤＲＴＣ＋＋语言有简洁的文法和清晰的语义。     

人格异化与人格完美

文学作品中人格异化一直是人们关注的话题,即人在社会中的地位和归宿。通过作品中反映的异化本质,能使读者更进一步领悟作品对人类命运的思考;此外对保持人格完美这一培养过程对学生人格完美的塑造也起着一定的作用。     

Using Probabilistic Terrorism Risk Modeling for Regulatory Benefit-Cost Analysis: Application to the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative in the Land Environment

This article presents a framework for using probabilistic terrorism risk modeling in regulatory analysis. We demonstrate the framework with an example application involving a regulation under consideration, the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative for the Land Environment, (WHTI‐L). First, we estimate annualized loss from terrorist attacks with the Risk Management Solutions (RMS) Probabilistic Terrorism Model. We then estimate the critical risk reduction, which is the risk‐reducing effectiveness of WHTI‐L needed for its benefit, in terms of reduced terrorism loss in the United States, to exceed its cost. Our analysis indicates that the critical risk reduction depends strongly not only on uncertainties in the terrorism risk level, but also on uncertainty in the cost of regulation and how casualties are monetized. For a terrorism risk level based on the RMS standard risk estimate, the baseline regulatory cost estimate for WHTI‐L, and a range of casualty cost estimates based on the willingness‐to‐pay approach, our estimate for the expected annualized loss from terrorism ranges from $2.7 billion to $5.2 billion. For this range in annualized loss, the critical risk reduction for WHTI‐L ranges from 7% to 13%. Basing results on a lower risk level that results in halving the annualized terrorism loss would double the critical risk reduction (14–26%), and basing the results on a higher risk level that results in a doubling of the annualized terrorism loss would cut the critical risk reduction in half (3.5–6.6%). Ideally, decisions about terrorism security regulations and policies would be informed by true benefit‐cost analyses in which the estimated benefits are compared to costs. Such analyses for terrorism security efforts face substantial impediments stemming from the great uncertainty in the terrorist threat and the very low recurrence interval for large attacks. Several approaches can be used to estimate how a terrorism security program or regulation reduces the distribution of risks it is intended to manage. But, continued research to develop additional tools and data is necessary to support application of these approaches. These include refinement of models and simulations, engagement of subject matter experts, implementation of program evaluation, and estimating the costs of casualties from terrorism events.     

浅谈实行建设工程无标底招标利弊及建议

本文分析了无标底招标的特点和利弊,在肯定无标底招标的同时,建议不可盲目实行,提出加强法律、法规建设,规范建筑市场和参与各方的行为是解决问题的关键。     

从天命史观向社会进化史观的过渡--论清代学人为中国社会自我演变所做的史观准备

由“公羊学”所宣扬的天命史观,是将社会的变化视为天道运行“副本”的观念。它既宣扬“君权天授”,又承认“天命所授者博,非独一姓”,认定社会在周期性的循环中发展。但在整个中世纪,“君权天授”的观念一直是维护家天下专制制度的精神武器。在从古代社会向近代转型的过程中,“前清”学者在批评天命史观时,将主宰人类命运主体的“天”置换为“社会”;到了清代中期,“常州”学人则注意到“天命”史学中所包含的变易思想;晚清之时,恰遇“千年未遇之变局”,康有为等一方面援引前清学者的社会主体观念,另一方面则直接将公羊学的变易思想与西学相对接,于是,“通三统”、“张三世”、“《春秋》当新王”便被改造成社会进化论学说。