基于邻里汇模式的上海城市社区公共服务质量调研报告

"邻里汇"作为一种社区公共服务供给新模式,在公共服务领域有其独特的优势."邻里汇"汇集了养老、康复、助餐、助浴和社区生活服务等功能,成为社区居民休闲的汇聚地.要尽力争取让各年龄、各阶层的居民都能走出家门,一起加入"邻里汇"的大家庭中.有了社区居民的积极参与,才能将"邻里汇"建设成为促进社区和谐、满足多元需求的社区服务载体,营造出睦邻互助的良好氛围.     

统筹解决我国流动人口问题的路径选择及对策建议

随着工业化、城镇化和农业现代化的加速推进,我国流动人口规模不断扩大,并在年龄、受教育程度、流向和流动性等方面出现了新的特点。人口流动对经济社会发展既带来积极作用,也带来了一定挑战。文章借鉴刘易斯模型、托达罗模型、推拉模型的相关理论,对统筹解决流动人口问题的总体思路进行了论证,提出可针对不同人群,按照先易后难的原则,通过"原籍吸附、就近消化、落户沉淀、稳定居住"的路径,使其总量平稳递减、流向合理有序、服务可及均等、社会融合顺畅。最后,从构建框架、完善制度、均等服务、建立机制四方面,提出了引导人口合理有序流动、畅通从迁徙到落户通道、推进基本公共服务均等化、促进社会融入等对策建议。     

失地补偿安置制度改革:保障农民利益、保护土地资源的关键

目前,我国失地农民利益受损、土地资源流失严重。究其原因,现象上,在于不合理的失地补偿安置制度,而本质上,则在于农民土地所有权主体地位的缺失。因而确立农民对土地的所有权主体地位,并以此对补偿安置制度进行系统改革,才是保护农民利益、保障土地资源的关键。     

宋代海上丝路源头新探

宋朝是中国历史上经济繁荣、科技发达、文化昌盛、艺术高深、人民整体生活水平较高的朝代之一.宋朝的综合国家实力在质量和数量上都是当时世界上的第一大国.有宋一代,朝廷通过加强对外贸的集权管理,使大宋内陆不仅成为海上丝绸之路流通商品的产销基地,更使北宋都城汴京成为海上丝绸之路名符其实的源头.     

关于养老“时间储蓄”的问题与思考

近年来养老“时间储蓄”成为人们关注的热点问题。通过调查和访谈 ,本文分析了“时间储蓄”的内涵 ,指出了目前存在的问题 ,并从经济学和社会学两种视角审视“时间储蓄”的社会效用 ,说明“时间储蓄”面临的困难和对文化制度建设的意义 ,结论认为“时间储蓄”的可行性和应用性还有待于进一步的思考和论证 ,需要在正确的认识指导下确定详细的实施方案并在一定区域内试点 ,进一步总结经验 ,证明其自身的价值     

When children’s testimonies are used as evidence: how children’s accounts may impact child custodial decisions

Abstract

In child custody cases, children oftentimes provide allegations of experienced trauma against one of their parents. Such allegations can happen before any investigative interviews (e.g., by the police or child protective services) have taken place. A central theme here concerns how to appraise such allegations and make certain that children’s accounts are taken seriously. In the current special issue, the focus is on new work on the functioning of children’s memory and its relation to trauma or work on children’s suggestibility and memory when they are traumatized. Specifically, key experts in the field of children’s memory provided contributions on: (1) the impact of interviewer support and rapport building on children’s testimonies, (2) the role of parental alienation in children’s testimonial accuracy, and (3) different types of false memories in children’s memory reports.     

Are children better witnesses than adolescents? Developmental trends in different false memory paradigms

Abstract

The current study compared older children’s (11/12-year-olds) and adolescents’ (14/15-year-olds) vulnerability to false memory creation using two different methods (i.e., the Deese/Roediger-McDermott [DRM] and memory conformity paradigms) involving neutral and negative stimuli. In line with previous research, a developmental reversal effect was found for the DRM paradigm, which means that when employing this method children displayed lower false memory levels than adolescents. However, when using the memory conformity paradigm, the opposite pattern was found, with adolescents forming fewer false memories than children. This indicates that in a co-witness context, adolescents are less prone to memory errors than children. The emotional valence of the stimuli used in both paradigms did not notably affect the production of false memories. There was no statistically significant correlation between false memories as measured by the DRM and the memory conformity paradigms. Altogether, the current study indicates that there is no single type of false memory as different experimental paradigms evoke different types of erroneous recollections. Additionally, our study corroborates past findings in the literature concerning the issue of developmental reversal, strengthening the idea that under certain circumstances children might indeed be better witnesses than adolescents.     

‘Let's Talk About Children’: Investigating the Use of a Family‐focused Intervention in the Gambling Support Services Sector

The family‐focused mental health intervention, ‘Let's Talk About Children,’ has positively influenced the lives of families affected by parental mental illness. This paper outlines the use of this brief, strengths‐based intervention for parents with gambling and other co‐occurring issues from the gamblers’ support services sector. Over a six‐month period, a training manual and accompanying resources were adapted for the gamblers’ support services sector and a targeted training session developed. Nine problem gambling counsellors from three Victorian gambling support services trialled the Let's Talk About Children intervention over a four‐month period. Qualitative data were gathered through focus groups, interviews, and practice enquiry groups to determine the impact of the Let's Talk About Children model for gambling support services. The results are presented as ‘practice wisdoms and recommendations’ reporting on the impact of the trial and to provide some guidance to support others in the implementation of a specific family‐focused intervention. This paper reports on the first exploratory trial of Let's Talk About Children for the gambler's support services sector in Australia.     

Exploring Home Sharing for Elders

Research suggests that third party-arranged home sharing (“TPAHS”) enables elders to remain at home in advanced age by connecting elder home owners with suitable live-in “matches.” TPAHS potentially saves elders, their families, and Medicaid budgets millions of a dollars per year in avoided and postponed nursing home costs. In interviews with elder TPAHS participants of one TPAHS program, we found that similarity in values, ability to utilize the TPAHS organization's guidance, and, when relevant, familiarity with their matches' mental health challenges, correlated with said participants' satisfaction with their matches while a lack of these qualities correlated with match dissatisfaction. With these findings in mind, we suggest strategies TPAHS organizations can use to best serve the elderly TPAHS participants who may benefit from intensified match support but may not seek it.     

成年子女与老年父母间代际关系的类型

随着我国社会经济文化的变迁,作为老人晚年生活质量重要评价指标的家庭代际关系正发生着变化;同时,受传统家庭孝文化的影响,我国家庭代际关系的模式可能与西方家庭文化背景下的代际关系模式有所区别。基于此,本研究借用代际团结理论的六大维度,利用中国老年社会追踪调查2012年试调查数据和探索性的潜变量模型,分析成年子女与老年父母间的代际关系类型。通过比较几大类别模型的拟合指标,本研究发现成年子女与老年父母之间的代际关系类型主要分为紧密型、奉养有间型、疏远型三类。其中,接近1/3的代际关系为紧密型,超过一半的样本属于奉养有间型,1/10为疏远型。与以往研究对比发现,紧密型和疏远型分别为我国家庭代际关系的主要模式和稀有模式。但与传统孝文化下的同住奉养代际关系模式相比,奉养有间型的出现表明我国的家庭代际关系模式正在发生着变化,成年子女与老年父母间的代际关系呈现出多样化的趋势。成年子女既要遵循孝敬老人的传统文化,又想保持隐私、独立和个性发展,因而与老人分开居住。相关部门应根据家庭代际关系的模式制定促进紧密型与减少疏远型的公共政策,采取措施弥补奉养有间型模式下家庭照料的不足。