Two-Group Classification Using Neural Networks*

Artificial neural networks are new methods for classification. We investigate two important issues in building neural network models; network architecture and size of training samples. Experiments were designed and carried out on two-group classification problems to find answers to these model building questions. The first experiment deals with selection of architecture and sample size for different classification problems. Results show that choice of architecture and choice of sample size depend on the objective: to maximize the classification rate of training samples, or to maximize the generalizability of neural networks. The second experiment compares neural network models with classical models such as linear discriminant analysis and quadratic discriminant analysis, and nonparametric methods such as k-nearest-neighbor and linear programming. Results show that neural networks are comparable to, if not better than, these other methods in terms of classification rates in the training samples but not in the test samples.     

从认识论到生存论: 走进怀疑论研究的生存论视野

怀疑论作为“一种有教养的意识”,凝聚着众多思想流派及其思想家的智慧。在认识论的视野中,人们从怀疑论在人类认识及科学发展中的积极作用和产生根源两方面为怀疑论存在的合理性作了充分的论证,但是人类的日常生活、科学存在及科学成功发展的事实与理性逻辑的同一性却在实际上坚定地消解了怀疑论存在的一切合理性,从而使在认识论视野中为怀疑论存在的合理性所作的一切努力成为徒劳。而怀疑论存在的事实本身及其对人类社会发展的巨大影响却昭示着怀疑论存在的合理性,这就迫使我们为怀疑论存在的合理性的辩护必须超越认识论的视野,以人之存在及古代希腊怀疑论的生存论本质为基础,实现向怀疑论研究的生存论视野转换。     

全球化进程中的软权力与中国大众文化传播

随着全球化时代的到来,“软权力”日益成为影响国际关系和制约跨文化传播的显要因素之一。以美国为代表的西方“软权力”的扩张对中国大众文化的发展形成了不可忽视的压力和挑战,这昭示着我们在不断增强“硬权力”的同时,务必不能放松对包括大众文化在内的“软权力”的培育和建设。在全球化进程中,我们必须以开放的视野、对话的思维勇敢地去迎接这个挑战,同时在坚持“拿来主义”的前提下,实施“送去主义”的大众文化发展战略。     

杜夫海纳的纯粹知觉意向性与现象学还原

杜夫海纳认为审美对象是纯粹知觉对象.从现象学的角度看,这是经现象学还原而达到的具有主客关系本源性的意识结构,本文称之为"纯粹知觉意向性".在现象学还原问题上,杜夫海纳受到了胡塞尔、海德格尔、梅洛-庞蒂的多重影响,而又有自己独到的发挥和创见,这主要表现为,他把还原看作是由纯粹知性意识(胡塞尔)、经知觉意识(梅洛-庞蒂)到纯粹知觉意识的回溯,即回到知觉主体与世界的根源处.这种回溯表现在意识活动方面,就是走向感性,并外化为对象,杜夫海纳称其为"异化";而表现在意向对象方面则是,在悬置外部世界的同时,审美对象从非现实转化为现实的"现象",即在呈现中被给予和被还原的感性的对象,杜夫海纳称其为"中立化".     

"互联网+"时代上海高校工会新媒体建设现状及优化策略 ——网络文本分析的视角

随着互联网技术的迅猛发展,高校工会新媒体建设势在必行。上海高校工会新媒体建设在全国处于领先地位,但仍存在诸多不足。通过对105篇高校工会互联网建设相关文献和上海市66所高校工会官方网站以及微信公众号研究发现,高校工会互联网建设的相关研究主要兴起于2015年,以思辨研究为主,其中互联网环境下高校工会工作方式创新是当下最热门的研究主题;上海66所高校中有56.06%的工会建立了工会网站,但只有28.79%的工会创建了微信公众号,且主要集中在本科院校;高校工会网站基本达到"形"的完善,但普遍存在"质"不高的共性,在微信公众号运营上,近60%的高校工会只限于新闻发布和活动公告。因此,高校工会应该树立工会工作互联网思维,优化工会工作网上平台和提升工会队伍信息化能力建设。     

Australia’s national urban policy: The smart cities agenda in perspective

The Australian Government's attempts at national urban policy have been sporadic and inconsistent, under the constraints of constitutional, financial, ideological and political factors. This paper concerns the recent resurgence of national urban policy under the rubric of “smart cities” adopted by the Turnbull Government and carried on by the incumbent Morrison Government. It investigates how this round of smart cities agenda articulates with Australia's political tradition of national urban policy to seek continuity and change, through comparing historical policies, unpacking major smart cities programmes, identifying explanatory factors and critically commenting on its innovation and legacy. Drawing upon these analyses, this paper argues that understanding the smart cities agenda needs to move beyond the political, ideological “to-and-fro” pendulum to national urban policy observed in history. Rather, it resonates with a globalised policy norm established upon the city-based global integration and competition, driven by an imperative of transitioning to a knowledge economy and pursuing innovation capacity. It is too early to judge whether the smart cities agenda will bring changes to Australian cities in the way it wishes, since it involves long-term infrastructure investment and urban development projects. However, a comprehensive and consistent national urban policy to govern the Australian system of cities and towns has not been established yet.     

银行关系型业务经济学解释及其启示

与银行交易型业务以及资本市场的直接融资相区别,银行关系型业务与客户有着特殊、密切的关系。本文立足于现代金融中介理论对银行关系型业务展开分析,并在此基础上提出对我国商业银行业务经营管理的指导建议。     

官督商办企业:由传统向近代企业制度演进的过渡性组织形态

从19世纪70年代起,官督商办企业在近代中国活跃了30余年。然而,这种组织形式并没有作为独立的组织制度存在,而是近代工业企业由传统的手工作坊向现代的股份制公司制度发育的过程,是一种过渡型“准企业”组织形式。本文试图从官督商办企业创建的起因、运行方式及发展结果三个方面来阐述和解答这个问题。     

Cox regression of clustered event times with covariates missing not at random

Motivated by a recent tuberculosis (TB) study, this paper is concerned with covariates missing not at random (MNAR) and models the potential intracluster correlation by a frailty. We consider the regression analysis of right‐censored event times from clustered subjects under a Cox proportional hazards frailty model and present the semiparametric maximum likelihood estimator (SPMLE) of the model parameters. An easy‐to‐implement pseudo‐SPMLE is then proposed to accommodate more realistic situations using readily available supplementary information on the missing covariates. Algorithms are provided to compute the estimators and their consistent variance estimators. We demonstrate that both the SPMLE and the pseudo‐SPMLE are consistent and asymptotically normal by the arguments based on the theory of modern empirical processes. The proposed approach is examined numerically via simulation and illustrated with an analysis of the motivating TB study data.     

Conditional design of the EWMA median chart with estimated parameters

The exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart is often designed assuming the process parameters are known. In practice, the parameters are rarely known and need to be estimated from Phase I samples. Different Phase I samples are used when practitioners construct their own control chart's limits, which leads to the “Phase I between-practitioners” variability in the in-control average run length (ARL) of control charts. The standard deviation of the ARL (SDARL) is a good alternative to quantify this variability in control charts. Based on the SDARL metric, the performance of the EWMA median chart with estimated parameters is investigated in this paper. Some recommendations are given based on the SDARL metric. The results show that the EWMA median chart requires a much larger amount of Phase I data in order to reduce the variation in the in-control ARL up to a reasonable level. Due to the limitation of the amount of the Phase I data, the suggested EWMA median chart is designed with the bootstrap method which provides a good balance between the in-control and out-of-control ARL values.