The gender identity of pedophiles: what does the outcome data tell us?

The aim of this study was to determine whether pedophiles have a different gender identity profile compared with non-sexual offenders. Participants were 87 male adult subjects, divided into three groups: (a) 27 pedophiles who abused male victims, (b) 30 pedophiles who abused female victims, and (c) 30 non-sexual offenders. The gender identity factor was measured with the Mf scale of the MMPI and the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI). Results indicated no significant inter-group differences in terms of gender identity. However, the order of the three groups regarding scores on the Bem-Masculinity and the Mf scale was as predicted. Conceptual and empirical elements related to gender identity are addressed in order to shed light on potential disturbances in the gender identity of pedophiles.     

Bibliometric models for journal productivity

Bibliometrics is the collection of statistical methods which are applicable to various media of communication. For scientific discourse, such as journals, many models have characterized their productivity. This paper presents a detailed chronological survey of these models. One common notation is used, derivation and proofs are in a statistical framework and new relationships are illustrated. We also provide a list of relevant papers and examine those which have used these models.     

A Risk Assessment Scheme of Infection Transmission Indoors Incorporating the Impact of Resuspension

A new risk assessment scheme was developed to quantify the impact of resuspension to infection transmission indoors. Airborne and surface pathogenic particle concentration models including the effect of two major resuspension scenarios (airflow‐induced particle resuspension [AIPR] and walking‐induced particle resuspension [WIPR]) were derived based on two‐compartment mass balance models and validated against experimental data found in the literature. The inhalation exposure to pathogenic particles was estimated using the derived airborne concentration model, and subsequently incorporated into a dose‐response model to assess the infection risk. Using the proposed risk assessment scheme, the influences of resuspension towards indoor infection transmission were examined by two hypothetical case studies. In the case of AIPR, the infection risk increased from 0 to 0.54 during 0–0.5 hours and from 0.54 to 0.57 during 0.5–4 hours. In the case of WIPR, the infection risk increased from 0 to 0.87 during 0–0.5 hours and from 0.87 to 1 during 0.5–4 hours. Sensitivity analysis was conducted based on the design‐of‐experiments method and showed that the factors that are related to the inspiratory rate of viable pathogens and pathogen virulence have the most significant effect on the infection probability under the occurrence of AIPR and WIPR. The risk assessment scheme could serve as an effective tool for the risk assessment of infection transmission indoors.     

Family carers' views of services for people with learning disabilities from Black and minority ethnic groups: a qualitative study of 30 families in a south London borough

In 2001, the UK Government identified the widespread neglect of the needs of people with learning disabilities from Black and minority ethnic communities. In this qualitative study informal interviews were held with 30 family carers of adults with learning disabilities from Black and minority ethnic communities. Their views were sought regarding services received and services needed, and cultural or communication barriers faced in accessing appropriate services. The study showed that although carers were largely satisfied with services actually received, service provision was highly inadequate and ineffective. Even very elderly and ill carers and those caring for people with severe disabilities received little support. Social worker support was negligible, and future planning rare. It is clear that the needs of carers from Black and minority ethnic communities are not being met. The situation would be considerably eased by adequate social worker support. Stereotypes of supportive family networks, (especially regarding south Asian families) proved to be unfounded.     

Nutrition and Fertility in Bangladesh: Breastfeeding and Post Partum Amenorrhoea

From 1975 to 1980 a prospective study a nearly 2,500 married, fertile women was conducted in Matlab, Bangladesh at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research. Women were interviewed at monthly intervals to collect information on nutritional and reproductive status, in order to study the factors associated with natural fertility. The median duration of amenorrhoea for women with no child deaths was 15.5 months, with older women and those of higher parities recording longer durations than younger women or those of lower parities. Median duration of amenorrhoea for women with six or more years of education was 8.4 months compared to 16.4 months among women with no education. When classified by weight at pregnancy termination, average duration of amenorrhoea of women weighing less than 38 kg was 17.6 months compared to 13.6 months among women weighing more than 44 kg. Proportional hazards analyses show that mother's education, parity, month of birth, supplementation practices and nutritional status were significantly associated with the probability of resuming menstruation.     

On Testing the Mean Equivalence of Treatments from Correlated Normal Populations

Let there be k equally correlated treatment populations under consideration, a Studentized range test is proposed to test the hypothesis of average mean equivalence against the alternative hypothesis of inequivalence. The maximum level and minimum power at some least favorable configurations of means are used to calculate the critical value and the required sample size simultaneously when testing a null against an alternative hypothesis. The range test is applied to a real world problem to find out if the stress levels among children at four time periods due to a newly built nearby airport are equivalent.     

On testing the bioequivalence of several treatments using the measure of distance

A studentized range test is proposed to test the hypothesis of bioequivalence of normal means in terms of a standardized distance among means. A least favourable configuration (LFC) of means to guarantee the maximum level at a null hypothesis and an LFC of means to guarantee the minimum power at an alternative hypothesis are obtained. This level and power of the test are fully independent of the unknown means and variances. For a given level, the critical value of the test under a null hypothesis can be determined. Furthermore, if the power under an alternative is also required at a given level, then both the critical value and the required sample size for an experiment can be simultaneously determined. In situations where the common population variance is unknown and the bioequivalence is the actual distance between means without standardization, a two-stage sampling procedure can be employed to find these solutions.     

Multivariate parabolic bioassay

A general linear model approach to quantitative parabolic bioassays with multivariate responses is proposed. The point and interval estimator of the relative potency and an associated test for validity is presented. The relationships with known univariate methods are illustrated.     

Confidence intervals for the largest mean from k correlated normal populations

Let X= (X₁,…, X_k)’ be a k-variate (k ≥ 2) normal random vector with unknown population mean vector μ = (μ₁ ,…, μ_k)’ and covariance matrix Σ of order k and let μ_[1] ≤ … ≤ μ_[k] be the ordered values of the μ ’ s. No prior knowledge of the pairing of the μ_[i] with the X_j. (or μ_[i] with the σ_j ²) is assumed for any i and j (1 ≤ i, j ≤ k). Based on a random sample of N independent vector observations on X, this paper considers both upper and lower (one-sided) and two-sided 100γ% (0 < γ < 1) confidence intervals for μ_[k] and μ_[1], the largest and the smallest mean, respectively, when Σ is known and when Σ is equal to σ²R with common unknown variance σ² > 0 and correlation matrix R known, respectively. An optimum two-sided confidence interval via finding the shortest length from this class is also considered. Necessary tables and computer program to actually apply these procedures are provided.