Efficient designs based on orthogonal arrays of type I and type II for experiments using units ordered over time or space

For a wide variety of applications, experiments are based on units ordered over time or space. Models for these experiments generally may include one or more of: correlations, systematic trends, carryover effects and interference effects. Since the standard optimal block designs may not be efficient in these situations, orthogonal arrays of type I and type II, which were introduced in 1961 by C.R. Rao [Combinatorial arrangements analogous to orthogonal arrays, Sankhya A 23 (1961) 283–286], have been recently used to construct optimal and efficient designs for many of these experiments. Results in this area are unified and the salient features are outlined.     

新时期公立高校学生管理的法治化研究

探究公立高校学生管理的法治化，推进高校依法治校，促进高校和谐管理正日益成为高校构建和谐校园的重要方面。从传统高校学生管理存在的问题入手，提出了新时期高校学生的管理应当以构建和谐校园为目标，正确认识高校与学生的法律关系，把握高校学生管理的法治化原则，探究高校学生管理法治化道路。     

Consent and Informed Consent: Their Ongoing Evolutions in Clinical Care and Research on Humans

The dual concepts of 'consent' and 'informed consent' continue to have three evolutions. The primary evolution of consent in the patient–physician relationship began in Great Britain in 1767 in the British case, Slater v. Baker and Stapleton , in the judge-made law of consent. The term 'informed consent' within the patient–physician relationship entered the judicial lexicon in the 1957 California appellate case, Salgo v. Leland Stanford Junior University . In its second evolution within research on humans following the Nuremberg trials that included experimental atrocities on humans, there is a key focus on clarifying the purpose of research and specifying the reasons for the need for an even more extensive risk disclosure to individuals considering volunteering for study participation. This second evolution continues with the further refinement of the Declaration of Helsinki and, within the USA, a focus on the Belmont Report . In its third evolution in research in the social science, there has been a recognition of problems with informed consent to questionnaire research. When questionnaires involve patients with moderate or severe posttraumatic stress disorder or abused individuals, there needs to be intense consideration focused on how to best protect the participants with these conditions during the questionnaire study.     

中缅边贸、产业联动与边贸产品加工

历史上云南省德宏、保山是古“南方丝绸之路”的重要通道,这为今天发展边境贸易提供了良好的基础条件。中缅两国边民跨境而居,通婚互市,和睦相处,有着传统的贸易习惯。另一方面,通过双边贸易可以实现经济优势互补、互通有无。中缅边贸的发展走向取决于我国边境地区是否能建立起强大完善的工业及边贸产品加工体系。笔者认为,只有充分重视边贸内在的联动作用,适时进行产业结构的调整,才能壮大边境地方的经济实力,促进边贸的可持续发展。     

基于复杂适应系统的作战理论哲学反思

传统的作战理论与方法已经不能适应像现代信息化战争系统这类充满“活”的个体和变化因素的复杂系统，需要进行理论创新。而复杂适应系统理论是当代系统科学的一个新发展。有望成为创新作战理论的突破口。本文在分析比较作战系统的基础上，认为作战系统实质是复杂的适应系统，作战系统内的作战双方都力图以增强自身的适应性和复杂性，削弱对方的适应性和复杂性取得作战的胜利。     

Secondary analysis of dangerousness among death sentenced capital murderers

The theory of incapacitation involves reducing an offender's ability or capacity to commit further crimes. Capital punishment accomplishes this goal. An executed murderer never murders again. However, we do not execute all murderers, only capital murderers. This policy produces several research questions. Do capital murderers present a special risk to society? Are capital murderers more likely to murder or commit other violent crimes again than other murderers or the average citizen? To answer these questions, many states require a prediction of future dangerousness of a newly convicted murderer. To what extent has the judgment of future dangerousness matched actuarial data of subsequent murders and serious crimes? Using a secondary analysis, this investigation attempted to assemble available data of postconviction dangerousness of death sentenced capital murderers to create a more comprehensive actuarial account of subsequent dangerousness and to present the data in a common format used by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Across 14 studies identified with relevant data, there were 13 instances of subsequent murder and 462 serious crime or prison rule violations.     

Form Perception of Partly Occluded Shapes in 4‐Month‐Old Infants

Two habituation experiments were conducted to investigate how 4‐month‐old infants perceive partly occluded shapes. In the first experiment, we presented a simple, partly occluded shape to the infants until habituation was reached. Then we showed either a probable completion (one that would be predicted on the basis of both local and global cues) or an improbable completion. Longer looking times were found for the improbably completed shape (compared to probable and control conditions), suggesting that the probable shape was perceived during partial occlusion. In the second experiment, infants were habituated to more ambiguous partly occluded shapes, where local and global cues would result in different completions. For adults, the percept of these shapes is usually dominated by global influences. However, after habituation the infants looked longer at the globally completed shapes. These results suggest that by the age of 4 months, infants are able to infer the perceptual completion of partly occluded shapes, but for more ambiguous shapes, this completion seems to be dominated by local influences.     

手机媒介传播:弥漫于空间——对手机媒介建构的空间结构的探析

空间与时间是人类立存于世的基本感知概念,而手机媒介的普遍使用正在重塑时空结构。手机媒介以其随时随地跨越时空沟通这一原始特点,一方面帮助我们形成把握世界的感觉框架,另一方面,这一"以时间消灭空间"的媒介也令我们对时间和空间的传统概念产生"内爆"。手机媒介带来空间感觉的变化、建构私人空间、便利公共空间与私秘空间的自由切换、营造虚拟空间-手机社区,本文从这四个维度探讨手机媒介是如何通过对空间结构的重塑来改变我们日常生活的经验性内容,并且又成为我们经验的一部分这一重要而持久的理论问题。     

4×100米接力跑组队与训练方法

本文通过对4×100米接力跑的技术特点的分析,指出了合理选拔队员组成接力队,并运用合理的训 练方法,使运动员熟练掌握传接棒技术,提高每个队员的单跑能力,进而提高4×100米接力跑的成绩。