Two-Patch Transmission of Tuberculosis

For a two-patch transmission of tuberculosis (TB), the disease-free equilibrium and the basic reproduction rate ?₀ are computed. The disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction rate is less than one. The model can have one or more endemic equilibria. The increased progression rate from latent to active TB in one population may play a significant role in the rising prevalence of TB in the other population. The increased migration from the first to the second population increases the prevalence level of TB in the second population and decreases the TB prevalence in the first population.     

Poverty and Polygyny as Political Protest: The Waldensians and Mormons.

Abstract This paper examines Waldensianism and Mormonism, two very different religious movements, separated by time, space, cultural, and economic conditions. The sources are a mixture of secondary and published primary sources, including church documents both in translation and the original language, and personal writings, such as diaries and letters. The treatment of these sources is not unusual, rather the contribution of this paper is a synthetic theoretical analysis of these movements in terms of the practical consequences of action.
Both movements were coherent attempts to address contemporary social issues; neither was principally illogical nor irrational, nor comprised primarily of socially disconnected individuals. These movements were neither apolitical nor solely comprised of pure political action. Instead, both became political protest movements, in addition to being religious movements, because the symbolic content of the movement was interwoven with contemporary politics: the movements' ideological critiques implicated the larger political structure which attempted to prevent ideological change. These religious struggles were processes, becoming political movements because ideological change implied political action.     

Adaptive Multiple Importance Sampling

Abstract. The Adaptive Multiple Importance Sampling algorithm is aimed at an optimal recycling of past simulations in an iterated importance sampling (IS) scheme. The difference with earlier adaptive IS implementations like Population Monte Carlo is that the importance weights of all simulated values, past as well as present, are recomputed at each iteration, following the technique of the deterministic multiple mixture estimator of Owen & Zhou (J. Amer. Statist. Assoc., 95, 2000, 135). Although the convergence properties of the algorithm cannot be investigated, we demonstrate through a challenging banana shape target distribution and a population genetics example that the improvement brought by this technique is substantial.     

Social mobility and occupational attainments of university graduates

L'article présente une analyse du changement dans les taux de mobilité sociale et de réussite professionnelle chez 2137 hommes ontariens qui ont reçu le BA OU Ie BSC en 1960, 1964 et 1968. Malgré une certaine ambivalence dans les résultats, ceux-ci confirme d'une façon générale les hypothèses suivantes: que la proportion des gradués universitaires récents qui sont susceptibles d'être en mobilité ascendante diminue et que cette diminution s'observe davantage chez les gradués provenant d'un niveau socioéconomique moyen que chez ceux venant d'un milieu inférieur. L'analyse porte également sur des hypothèses concernant l'effet de l'origine socioéconomique, de l'année de graduation, du domaine principal d'étude et de la formation postgraduée sur la réussite professionelle.
This paper presents an analysis of the changing rates of social mobility and the changes in occupational attainment patterns of 2137 Ontario males who received BA or BSC degrees in 1960, 1964, and 1968. Although some findings are mixed, there is general support for hypotheses that a declining proportion of recent university graduates are likely to be upwardly mobile and that this decline will be more pronounced for graduates from middle level socioeconomic backgrounds than for those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Hypotheses relating the effect of socioeconomic background, year of graduation, major field of study, and postgraduate training on occupational attainment are also tested.     

Role De-Differentiation as a System Response to Crisis: Occupational and Political Roles of Women*

The relationship between crisis and role change is examined in terms of a three-stage model of role development: differentiation, de-differentiation, and reconfiguration. Crisis is conceptualized as a sufficient but not necessary condition of rapid and significant role change. Trends in occupational and political roles of women during and after World War II are presented as empirical support of the theoretical framework.     

Strong or weak ties? British and Indian expatriate scientists finding jobs in Boston

In this article I analyse the different social networks that British and Indian scientists use to obtain job information in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sector around Boston, Massachusetts. I argue that individuals' social networks are critical in helping highly skilled migrants find jobs. The research finds that British and Indian scientists use both strong and weak ties to obtain jobs and there is no significant difference between senior and junior workers in terms of whether they relied on strong or weak ties. I argue, nonetheless, that the terms strong ties and weak ties are problematic because they are not clearly understood or mutually exclusive.     

Testing for Bivariate Extreme Dependence Using Kendall's Process

Abstract. New tests for the hypothesis of bivariate extreme‐value dependence are proposed. All test statistics that are investigated are continuous functionals of either Kendall's process or its version with estimated parameters. The procedures considered are based on linear combinations of moments and on Cramér–von Mises distances. A suitably adapted version of the multiplier central limit theorem for Kendall's process enables the computation of asymptotically valid p‐values. The power of the tests is evaluated for small, moderate and large sample sizes, as well as asymptotically, under local alternatives. An illustration with a real data set is presented.     

Model‐Based Non‐parametric Variance Estimation for Systematic Sampling

Abstract. Systematic sampling is frequently used in surveys, because of its ease of implementation and its design efficiency. An important drawback of systematic sampling, however, is that no direct estimator of the design variance is available. We describe a new estimator of the model‐based expectation of the design variance, under a non‐parametric model for the population. The non‐parametric model is sufficiently flexible that it can be expected to hold at least approximately in many situations with continuous auxiliary variables observed at the population level. We prove the model consistency of the estimator for both the anticipated variance and the design variance under a non‐parametric model with a univariate covariate. The broad applicability of the approach is demonstrated on a dataset from a forestry survey.     

Gouverner l'innovation,entre sciences dures et arts plastiques: le consortium interuniversitaire Hexagram (Montréal,Canada)*

In the academic stream of technological arts, the national systems of innovation are involved in a reconfiguration of research and development organizations, which are aimed at marketing hybrid products that are now concurrently oriented towards artistic presentation, technology transfer and an application in both the commercial and industrial sense. This article provides an initial analysis of the motives and organizational pressures involved in these attempts to integrate and articulate academic research, artistic creation and industrial production in a perspective of competitiveness in innovation. It draws on the results of a survey conducted with artist‐researchers who created a Canadian organizational prototype of these partnerships: the Hexagram inter‐university consortium (Montréal, Canada). Les ← systèmes d'innovation nationaux → engagent dans la filière universitaire des arts technologiques une reconfiguration des organisations de recherche et de création. Ces dernières visent la mise sur le marché de produits hybrides orientés désormais concurremment vers une exposition artistique, une valorisation scientifique et une application au sens commercial et industriel du terme. L'article propose une première analyse des ressorts et tensions organisationnelles de ces tentatives d'intégration et d'articulation de la recherche universitaire, de la création artistique et de la production industrielle dans une perspective de concurrence à l'innovation. Il mobilise les résultats d'une enquête menée auprès de chercheurs‐créateurs d'un prototype canadien d'organisation de ces rapprochements: le consortium interuniversitaire Hexagram (Montréal, Canada).