高管持股与企业价值——基于利益趋同效应与壕沟防守效应的经验研究

本文以深交所78家民营上市公司为样本,从利益趋同效应和壕沟防守效应两方面研究了高管持股与企业价值的关系。与目前大多数相关研究不同,本文在计量高管持股比例时包括了高管人员通过间接方式持有的公司股权。本研究发现,高管持股比例不同引起的利益趋同效应和壕沟防守效应导致高管持股与企业价值之间呈显著的非线性关系。当高管持股比例在8%—25%之间,高管持股的壕沟防守效应占主导,而小于8%或大于25%时,高管持股的利益趋同效应占主导。研究结论对以激励为主要目的或以股权结构优化为主要目的的高管持股方案提供了经验证据。     

The Role of Shocks in Employee Turnover*

This paper reports the findings from a recent study of nurse leavers at eight large hospitals in the National Health Service (NHS) of England and Wales. The study develops and extends an influential theory of employee turnover by describing how for some leavers a single, jarring event or shock triggers the decision to quit. By elaborating on the nature of shocks for this sample of 352 nurse leavers, the paper allows for improved understanding of nursing turnover and thus offers an example of relevant management research. The analysis of shock illustrates how conventional research methodologies can lead to a distorted picture of turnover. This has wider implications, both for any organization wishing to manage turnover effectively and for future research. The paper adds to the limited body of empirical analysis on actual leavers, thereby contributing to an ongoing methodological debate concerning the use of proxy variables. By highlighting flaws in the dominant methodology used to study turnover, the paper offers an example of management research that is also rigorous, and thus ‘pragmatic’.     

低碳视角下农业生态补偿的激励有效性

运用多任务委托代理理论模型,从低碳视角分析了农业生态补偿契约中的激励关系,进而采用调研获取的微观农户数据对这一关系进行了实证检验。研究发现：政府主导的低碳农业生态补偿机制呈现出弱激励特性,主要原因在于农户进行低碳生产努力的经济价值未能显化,以及现行生态补偿机制所呈现的刚性特征。通过运用农业碳计量模型核算碳产品产量后发现,并非所有农业项目的经营都实现了碳汇量盈余,部分农户在低碳农业生产过程中出现了“搭便车”的现象,如此长期来看,农户逆向选择风险较大;因子得分结果显示农户在碳产品生产任务上的努力程度不高,代理人农户以低碳为目标的生产性努力缺乏有效激励,进而导致农户低碳生产态度与低碳生产行为发生了背离;农户低碳生产意识、态度、行为是农户低碳生产努力程度的显著影响因素,以低碳生产态度影响的重要程度最高。实现农业净碳汇效益经济价值的显化、提升农户低碳生产的积极性是强化农业生态补偿机制激励有效性的两条重要措施。     

中国“三农”问题研究现状及其成果评价——基于国家社科基金项目及其成果论文的计量分析

随着国家社科基金项目对“三农”问题研究的资助力度不断加强,相关研究发展迅速且成果卓著,对此进行整体梳理,既有助于总结以往研究的经验,也有益于相关问题研究的不断深入.文章以1991-2015年立项的3 375项“三农”问题国家社科基金项目及其18 770篇成果论文为研究对象,对项目信息、成果论文、研究热点与评价等方面进行计量分析,全面呈现中国“三农”问题近30年的发展与研究状况.研究表明,农民、新生代农民工、新农村等为“三农”问题的研究热点,有关农民、农民工的论文最受关注且被引频次最高.     

房价波动、银行信贷与产业升级——基于银行信贷中介效应检验及区域差异对比分析

房价波动是影响产业升级的重要因素。阐述房价暴涨通过银行信贷中介效应传导机制对产业升级产生抑制作用,并基于全国大中城市2007-2016年面板数据,采用动态面板模型系统GMM估计法检验房价波动通过银行信贷中介效应机制影响产业升级。研究结果表明:第一,大中城市的房价过快上涨对产业升级产生负效应;第二,大中城市的房价过快上涨会增加房地产银行信贷需求,挤出了支持技术创新、产业升级的银行资金,从而抑制产业升级;第三,通过区域差异对比分析,东部大中城市银行信贷对房价波动与高新产业关系发挥中介效应,房价上涨通过吸收银行信贷挤出高新产业发展资金;中部大中城市房价上涨通过吸收银行信贷挤出第三产业发展资金;银行信贷没有对西部城市的房价波动与产业升级发挥中介效应。     

Internalized Other Interviewing in Relational Therapy: Three Discursive Approaches to Understanding its Use and Outcomes

For over 20 years, family therapist Karl Tomm has been engaging families and couples with a therapeutic intervention he calls Internalized Other Interviewing (IOI). The IOI (cf. Emmerson‐Whyte, 2010; Hurley, 2006) entails interviewing clients, from the personal experiences of partners and family members as an internalized other. The IOI is based on the idea that through dialogues over time, one can internalize a sense of one's conversational partner responsiveness in reliably anticipated ways. Anyone who has thought in a conversation with a family member or partner, “Oh there s/he goes again,” or anticipates next words before they leave the other's mouth, has a sense of what we are calling an internalized other. For Tomm, the internalized anticipations partners and family members may have offers entry points into new dialogues with therapeutic potential—particularly, when their actual dialogues get stuck in dispreferred patterns.     

Maternal Discipline and Children's Adjustment: The Role of the Cultural and Situational Context

This study examined how the cultural and situational contexts can jointly shape the consequences of discipline strategies. Israeli mothers who grew up in Israel or in the Former Soviet Union (FSU) (overall N = 110) reported regarding their use of psychologically controlling and punitive discipline with their seven‐years‐old to 10‐years‐old children, and teachers reported regarding children's behavior problems. We assessed both mothers' overall general use of the discipline strategies, and their use of the same strategies following transgressions in the academic domain, an area which the two groups emphasize to differing degrees. Consistent with hypothesis, controlling discipline in academic situations had more positive consequences in the FSU group compared with the Israeli‐origin group. In contrast, and as predicted, cultural group was not a moderator of mothers' overall, general use of the same discipline strategies. The findings illustrate how taking the situation into account can inform examination of the moderating role of cultural group.     

基于遗传粒子群算法的堆垛机作业路径优化

通过查慎行对《瀛奎律髓》中陆游诗歌的评点可以看出，他在章法、用典、字法、句法、对仗等方面对陆游诗歌多有称赏，对陆游学古不化及艺术上的瑕疵亦多有批评，总体上体现出较为客观的批评态度。在查慎行的诗学理论体系中，陆游的地位经历了一个由高到低的过程。查慎行对自己青年时期偶像的批评与颠覆，体现出其晚年诗学理论的转变与成熟。     

Problem‐ and solution‐focused characteristics of parenting support, 3 years after implementation of the solution‐focused approach: A qualitative content analysis

In recent years, solution‐focused parenting support has been developed and implemented as a promising brief and strength‐based approach. Given the fundamental differences between solution‐focused and the historically more common problem‐focused parenting support and the complexity of transforming professional practice, an actual shift towards solution‐focused parenting support can be expected to be limited up to now. However, because research into the specific communication characteristics of professional parenting support is currently lacking, no conclusion can be drawn at present. Therefore, this study aims to explore the current problem‐ and solution‐focused characteristics of parenting support in the Dutch youth healthcare (YH). In total, 15 support sessions performed by 10 public health nurses were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. A detailed qualitative content analysis of professional communication was conducted to identify problem‐ and solution‐focused factual, expressive, relational and appealing aspects of parenting support. Problem‐focused characteristics dominated all sessions of parenting support. This study is the first to thoroughly analyse the problem‐focused and solution‐focused communication characteristics of professional parenting support using a qualitative content analysis. Parenting support practice in the Dutch YH did not shift substantially to a solution‐focused approach. More effort is required to stimulate and facilitate this professional transformation.     

Assessing Risk‐Based Upper Limits of Melamine Migration from Food Containers

Melamine contamination of food has become a major food safety issue because of incidents of infant disease caused by exposure to this chemical. This study was aimed at establishing a safety limit in Taiwan for the degree of melamine migration from food containers. Health risk assessment was performed for three exposure groups (preschool children, individuals who dine out, and elderly residents of nursing homes). Selected values of tolerable daily intake (TDI) for melamine were used to calculate the reference migration concentration limit (RMCL) or reference specific migration limit (RSML) for melamine food containers. The only existing values of these limits for international standards today are 1.2 mg/L (0.2 mg/dm²) in China and 30 mg/L (5 mg/dm²) in the European Union. The factors used in the calculations included the specific surface area of food containers, daily food consumption rate, body weight, TDI, and the percentile of the population protected at a given migration concentration limit (MCL). The results indicate that children are indeed at higher risk of melamine exposure at toxic levels than are other groups and that the 95th percentile of MCL (specific surface area = 5) for children aged 1–6 years should be the RMCL (0.07 mg/dm²) for protecting the sensitive and general population.