Voice and Identity in a Bicultural/Bilingual Environment

Researchers have noted that with the onset of adolescence, girls' voices become muted and school achievement drops. Girls learn that the expression of strong feelings leads to distance from others, and that full use of their bodies and minds cause others discomfort. Self-esteem suffers and girls become at risk for destructive behaviors. Most studies have been done with middle class Caucasian girls. Those few studies done with young girls of color speak of girls on the margin who seem to resist losing their voices and their self-esteem. This article describes a study involving 5th–8th grade girls participating in an Advisory group program at a grammar school in a predominantly Mexican community of a large city. Group sessions were taped and analyzed for common themes including voice and self-esteem. Focus was directed to the influence of the bicultural/bilingual environment in analysis of group content. Implications for practice are included.     

Covariate Order Tests for Covariate Effect

A new approach for constructing tests for association between a random right censored life time variable and a covariate is proposed. The basic idea is to first arrange the observations in increasing order of the covariate and then base the test on a certain point process defined by the observation times. Tests constructed by this approach are robust against outliers in the covariate values or misspecification of the covariate scale since they only use the ordering of the covariate. Of particular interest is a test based on the Anderson-Darling statistic. This test has good power properties both against monotonic and nonmonotonic dependencies between the covariate and the life time variable.     

The role of litigation in human research accountability

This essay examines and analyzes the recent and dramatic series of personal injury lawsuits instituted against those individuals and institutions that conduct and monitor human research. It discusses the social engineering functions of tort litigation, outlines the legal elements and viability of lawsuits against those who conduct and monitor human research, and evaluates and predicts what role tort litigation will play in fulfilling the goals of accountability in the context of human research and human research regulation. In general, tort law engenders two forms of accountability: retrospective and prospective. Retrospective accountability is backward looking, focusing on harms that have already occurred, their culprits, and the reimbursement of individuals for their injuries. Prospective accountability is forward looking in that it encourages actors and institutions to fulfill responsibilities toward individuals in order that harm does not occur, or at least that the risk of harm is decreased. This article argues that research litigation is not, and will probably never become, an effective means of ensuring retrospective accountability in regard to research injuries and ethical violations. Paradoxically though, the current wave of research litigation may serve an important and even key role in encouraging and ensuring prospective accountability.     

现代新儒家对五四新文化运动的省察梳要

五四新文化运动已过去八十余年了,检讨"五四"成为中国文化建设的重要内容。现代新儒家站在民族文化本位的立场上,对五四新文化运动进行了认真的梳理。一方面,他们对"五四"思想启蒙给予了积极的评价,认为新文化运动有功于儒家思想的新开展;另一方面,他们对"新青年"学者盲从西方的激烈反传统态度和唯科学主义思潮表示强烈的不满,具有否定"五四"的倾向。他们在反省"五四"的基础上,提出了重建中国文化的方案,充满着哲学的睿智,是一份宝贵的精神遗产。     

环境与贸易的可持续发展研究

贸易影响国民经济发展 ,国民经济又影响生态环境 ,环境与贸易是联系非常密切的两个领域。贸易使环境问题极端化 ,表现为环境问题国际化和局地化两个方面。环境问题对贸易影响主要是通过环保措施影响产品竞争力来实现。单独在各自领域寻找解决问题的措施 ,对可持续发展不利 ,也是不现实的。必须用可持续发展的生态经济综合观点考察环境与贸易的关系。基本原则一是向市场发出“新的稀缺信号”,促进环境成本内部化 ,具体执行中 ,政府的调整和监督作用应予以加强。二是发展和加强国际合作 ,促进环境保护和自由贸易的结合。三是加强立法 ,制定合理的环境与贸易国际法则     

关于"生产力"问题的几点思考

人类社会已进入知识经济新时代,亦应赋予"生产力"新的定义,即"所谓生产力,即社会生产力,是人们认识自然、改造自然,合理利用自然资源以谋求人类自身生存和全面发展的能力.它包括两个基本方面一是人类社会生产物质财富(或物质资料)的能力;二是人类社会生产劳动力的能力."它表示的是人们在生产过程中对自然界、社会的关系,而不仅仅是人们在生产过程中"对自然界的关系".同时,作者明确指出,"管理"也是一种"劳动","管理者"也是"劳动者";管理既是形成生产力的必要条件,又是创造生产力的源泉.应当重新认识管理与生产力之间的相互关系.     

独生子女大学生运动项目特点研究

以独生子女大学生运动项目特点为研究对象 ,通过对一～四年级 2 5 38名在校独生子女大学生进行了问卷调查和个别访问 ,并对其调查结果进行数据统计分析研究 ,提出了改进目前普通高校传统体育课教学方法 ,及早调整课程设置 ,按运动项目特点安排课程内容 ,为培养独生子女大学生终生参加体育锻炼打下良好基础     

大学生创造性人格调查分析

21世纪人才素质的核心是创造性素质。创造性素质 ,主要指一个人的创新意识、创造性思维能力以及创造性人格品质。本研究利用卡氏十六种人格因素测验量表 (16 PF)对北京邮电大学本科生的创造性人格进行测试 ,分析表明影响人的创造力的因素是复杂的。创造性是可以通过教育进行培养的 ,关键是要通过教育改革创造条件 ,允许和鼓励人的个性的发展     

TRUST,SOCIAL CAPITAL,AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Many argue that elements of a society's norms, culture, or social capital are central to understanding its development. However, these notions have been difficult to capture in economic models. Here we explore a possible role for “trustworthiness” as corresponding to social capital. Individuals are trustworthy when they perform in accordance with promises, even if this does not maximise their payoffs. The usual focus on incentive structures in motivating behaviour plays no role here. Instead, we emphasise more deep‐seated modes of behaviour and consider trustworthy agents being socialised to act as they do. To model this socialisation, we borrow from a process of preference evolution pioneered by Bisin and Verdier (2001). The model developed endogenously accounts for social capital and explores its role in the process of economic development. It captures in a simple, formal way the interaction between social capital and the economy's productive processes. The results obtained caution against rapid reform and provide an explanation for why late‐developing countries may not easily be able to transplant the modes of production that have proved useful in the West. (JEL: O1, O3, O4, Z1)