Business visits,knowledge diffusion and productivity

We investigate whether labor mobility can be a distinct source of growth by studying the productivity impact of business visits (BVs), vis-à-vis that of other well-known drivers of productivity enhancement. Our analysis uses an unbalanced panel—covering on average 16 sectors per year in ten countries during the period 1998–2011—which combines unique and novel data on BVs sourced from the US National Business Travel Association with Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) data on R&D and capital formation. We find that mobility through BVs is an effective mechanism to improve productivity, being about half that obtained by investing in R&D. This relevant finding invites viewing short-term mobility as a strategic mechanism and prospective policy tool to overcome productivity slowdowns and foster economic growth.     

From Mothers of the “People's Home” to Biologically Rational Consumers

The aim of the present article is to study how women's alcohol consumption has been defined and contested in the Swedish press from 1955 to 2010 in relation to the development of Swedish society from a social democratic welfare state to a neoliberal competition state. Our material consists of articles published in the largest Swedish national and regional newspapers in 1955, 1965, 1977, 1982, 1995, 2004, and 2010. In the study, we apply Fraser's concepts of recognition and redistribution to analyse how the press contributed to the formation of cultural injustices and counter-claims through its recognition of women's drinking, and how these cultural injustices and counter-claims have conditioned the redistribution of societal resources. Our analysis shows that, during the study period, women were recognized in the Swedish press in limited and stigmatizing subject positions. These dominating representations of drinking women changed over time in an unpredictable way. As collectively shared, widely accepted cultural images, they tended to downplay the possibility of women achieving equal and just participation in cultural interaction, social activities, and healthcare services. In counter-discourses, the possibilities for women to formulate public claims in order to make surrounding structures more “enabling” of their independency, weakened during the study period.     

Effects of child support and welfare policies on nonmarital teenage childbearing and motherhood

This paper is an assessment of the impact of child support enforcement and welfare policies on nonmarital teenage childbearing and motherhood. We derive four hypotheses about the effects of policies on nonmarital teenage childbearing and motherhood. We propose that teenage motherhood and school enrollment are joint decisions for teenage girls. Based on individual trajectories during ages 12–19, our analysis uses an event history model for nonmarital teenage childbearing and a dynamic model of motherhood that is jointly determined with school enrollment. We find some evidence that child support policies indirectly reduce teen motherhood by increasing the probability of school enrollment, which, in turn, reduces the probability of teen motherhood. This finding suggests that welfare offices may wish to place greater weight on outreach programs that inform more teenagers of the existence of strong child support enforcement measures. Such programs might reduce nonmarital teen motherhood further and thus reduce the need for welfare support and child support enforcement in the long run.

论基于建构主义的探究性学习与知识创造过程

为完善并丰富知识创造过程理论,以建构主义的学习理论为基础,描述了知识创造的过程。知识创造来自于探究性学习活动,基于建构主义的知识同化与顺应的过程,是个人隐性知识的建构过程,也是从个人所创造的隐性知识向人类社会显性知识转化的过程。     

论建筑企业在买方市场条件下的国际竞争力

国际建设市场是典型的买方市场,为恰当评价建筑企业在买方市场下的国际竞争力,以便为我国建筑企业制定竞争战略,建立了买方市场竞争机制下的建筑企业国际竞争力分析路径模型。该模型涵盖了建筑企业市场定位、五力驱动模型、直接竞争要素及建筑企业国际竞争力层次关系。研究表明,该模型能够体现国际建设市场的竞争特点和企业战略管理的动态过程,沿此分析路径,可客观地获得分析建筑企业国际竞争力构成要素。     

中西文化中的智慧意涵:演变历程与价值意蕴

智慧是人类文明精华的产物,智慧的行为往往能够利于人们找准自我定位,修正人生方向,提升生活品质,消弭人际冲突,增进社会和谐。纵观中西智慧意涵的演变历程,西方文化传统对智慧的定义侧重于逻辑思维的判断和知识技能的习得,中国文化传统的智慧意涵在于价值取向上偏重人伦关系和社会关系,把道德视为人生和生命的本质和价值体现。中西智慧意涵有着自身的鲜明特色和发展规律,如果从价值论的角度去观照,或能挖掘更多启迪我们深思的内容。     

提高遗传学教学效果的改革与实践

在教学时数压缩、生源构成复杂的新形势下,以细菌和病毒的遗传为例,总结了提高遗传学教学效果的课程改革方法：精选朱军《遗传学（第二版）》教材作为组织教学的蓝本,进行系统的知识体系调整与整合,对教学难点进行、巧妙设计,整体教学内容做到概念明确,重点突出,由浅入深,前后呼应,力争用简单的语言、明晰的逻辑关系展开遗传学教学。     

基于生态足迹的河南省耕地利用状况分析

生态足迹模型是测度可持续发展的工具,能非常直观地表现区域可持续发展状况。文章基于该模型,采用可变地区单产法,对河南省及其18个地级市2000--2005年耕地资源的生态足迹进行动态分析。研究表明：（1）河南省各地级市耕地利用情况差异悬殊;（2）河南省耕地生态资源处于不可持续利用状态;（3）河南省耕地资源不可持续利用程度相对有所缓和。     

沈阳市产业结构综合效益指数分析

分析沈阳市产业结构近30年的变动趋势表明,统计数据揭示了出现与传统观点所认为的产业结构高度化趋势相悖的现象。产业结构效益评价发现,虽然其综合效益指数呈现逐年上升的趋势,但结构贡献是下降的,说明其产业结构并没有真正地得到优化。借助比较劳动生产率等指标分析每一个产业的内部贡献,揭示了第二产业相对较好,第一、三产业均存在技术进步贡献在减弱,剩余劳动力制约产业效益的提高等问题。同时第三产业还存在投资结构不合理的问题。提出优化第一产业内部结构,合理转移农业剩余劳动力;合理完善第三产业的投资结构,提高资金与劳动力的利用率;推进工业产业结构升级,提高第二产业对劳动力的吸纳能力,最终实行一、二、三产业协调发展。     

高校工程跟踪审计存在的问题与对策

高校工程跟踪审计可有效提高审计质量,但当前却存在审计人员素质不高、工程跟踪审计意识不强、审计程序不规范等问题,针对这些问题,可采取相应的措施加以解决:加强队伍建设;突出工作重点;提高相关人员的跟踪审计意识;遵循一定的原则;制定规范的、切实有效的可操作的工程跟踪审计办法。