组织公正和交易型领导对组织承诺的影响方式研究

随着组织中越来越多独立工作团队的出现,团队领导者的领导风格作为一种先验的情境因素,会对组织管理的行为效果产生一定的影响.然而过去的研究中很少将团队层次的领导行为作为情景变量来考察.本研究运用676名员工样本对组织公正和交易型领导对组织承诺的影响方式进行研究,发现三种形式的组织公正对员工承诺都有正向影响,互动公正的影响作用最强,分配公正的影响不显著;团队交易型领导方式对组织互动公正与员工承诺之间的关系产生调节作用,即交易型领导越明显的团队中,组织互动公正对员工承诺的影响越大.     

Intracultural and Intercultural Dialogue in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis

This paper explores some of the history of psychoanalysis as it has been influenced by and has influenced the cultures in which it exists. There was a time when the profession was almost antagonistic to considering that which lay outside of the intrapsychic. Partly in response to a sense of crisis, today it is busy incorporating a 'fourth leg into its training programs: the sociocultural surround. Those who would bring about these modifications are moving from an individualist model toward one in which self is the product of relationships, that is, toward a universal model.     

Brief Communications Analysis of a Casino's Self-Exclusion Program

As gambling facilities become more available, the number of pathological gamblers increases. Effective therapeutic and preventive interventions should be developed and systematically evaluated. Self-exclusion programs may be a useful means to facilitate self-control among problem gamblers. This paper describes the characteristics of individuals who decided to bar themselves from a Canadian casino. Two hundred twenty individuals participated in the present study and completed a questionnaire including four sections: (1) socio-demographic data, (2) the South Oaks Gambling Screen, (3) gambling habits, and (4) prior experiences with the self-exclusion program. According to the SOGS, 95% of the participants were classified as severe pathological gamblers on the SOGS (Mean score = 9.87). Furthermore, based on self-reported observation, 30% of the participants completely stopped gambling once enrolled in this program. No one scored within the interval of non-problem gamblers. Suggestions to improve self-exclusion programs are discussed.     

Mom and Pop Versus the Big Boys: Adult Family Homes as Providers of Medicaid-Funded Residential Care

This paper compares assisted living apartments (ALs), adult residential care facilities (ARCs), and small adult family homes (AFHs) for Medicaid residents in Washington State, with particular emphasis on the settings, staffing, services, and policies of AFHs. We targeted for enrollment all residents entering an AFH, ARC, or AL setting on Medicaid/state funding in a three-county area of Washington State. We obtained information on 199 settings, interviewing administrative and direct care providers. AFHs are smaller than ARCs and ALs and less likely to be part of a chain, with no significant difference in staffing ratios of registered nurses and licensed practical nurses. Sixty-four percent of AFH residents were receiving public funds compared to 32% of AL residents. AFHs report admitting residents with more activities of daily living needs, health conditions, and behavior problems. They are less likely to have autonomy-related policies, and they provide more services and fewer activities. While attention should continue to be paid to staff supports, policy and practice should support the continued role of AFHs, which are of special interest because of their potential to provide more homelike, less costly care but with possible trade-offs compared to larger facilities.     

NEW LABOUR'S TEENAGE PREGNANCY POLICY

This chapter explores the changing governmental approach to the problem of teenage pregnancy in the UK. It argues that there has been a shift from moral traditionalism towards individualized approaches based on promoting responsibility, agency and prudent choice-making. New Labour's approach to teenage pregnancy marks a decisive turning point in governmental regulation, documenting the failure of previous approaches and establishing three distinctive discursive strategies:

1. risk management through knowledge acquisition;

2. constituting active knowing welfare citizens;

3. reconstituting blame.

The paper ends by examining how this approach forms part of New Labour's combined and contradictory project of ‘modernizing the social’ and ‘remoralizing welfare’.     

The Adoptee’s Journey

The subject of adoption has often been mired in wishful thinking and denial. Because of the secrecy in the system, adopted children have beenforced to repress their need to know about their origins; many feel invisible because an essential part of them is unacknowledged by their adoptive parents and society. The purpose of this article is to help mental health and legal professionals, as well as those in the extended community, to see what is specific about the formation of the adoptee’s inner world. It introduces the concept of cumulative adoption trauma and discusses the adoptee's need to dissociate feelings of loss, grief and anger. The struggle to form a coherent sense of selfmay eventually lead to the adoptee's need to search out the birth parents in order to integrate the past and the present and move on into the future.     

Comparing Service Use of Early Head Start Families of Children With and Without Disabilities

The current study compared patterns of service utilization reported by Early Head Start (EHS) families of children with and without disabilities by secondary analysis of data from the longitudinal investigation of the effectiveness of EHS. Findings reveal comparable positive trends for both groups of families for receipt of services corresponding to EHS performance standards promoting child and family development, family support, and health care. Service challenges remain in the low use of dental services overall and the higher use of acute health care services for children with disabilities. Future research should examine causes and outcomes of service use.     

When Injustice Gets Old: A Systematic Review of Trans Aging

A lack of knowledge regarding the needs and experiences of trans and gender-nonconforming older adults contributes to and perpetuates the experiences of marginalization associated with being trans. Mitigating the conditions of marginalization—including those that are compounded by age—requires the production of trans aging knowledge. It was with the intent to produce such knowledge that this systematic review was undertaken. In so doing, five medical databases, eight social science databases, and two gray literature databases were searched. These included the following: CINAHL (1942–), Medline (1942–), Health Services/Technology Assessment Texts, Web of Science, EMBASE (1947–), Sociological Abstracts (1952), Social Services Abstracts (1806–), Gender Studies Database (1972–), LGBT Life with Full Text, Ageline (1978–), PsycINFO (1806–), Scopus, ERIC, The New York Academy of Medicine Grey Literature Report, and Dissertations & Theses: Full Text. A total of 436 titles and abstracts were independently reviewed. Of these, 106 full-text articles were retrieved; 34 met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. The following themes were identified: 1. the methodological challenges associated with conducting research with trans and gender nonconforming older adults;

2. violence and abuse among trans and gender nonconforming older adults;

3. discriminatory policies and practices in health and mental health care;

4. the lack of appropriate HIV/AIDS education, prevention, and treatment strategies for trans and gender nonconforming older adults;

5. obstacles in education, employment, government systems, and housing; and

6. the lack of adequate social support networks.

Gaps in the literature, recommendations for future research, and implications for policy and practice were also identified.