Emerging needs,evolving services: The health of Pacific peoples in New Zealand

Abstract

From 0.1% of the total population in 1945 to 6.9% in 2006, Pacific peoples now resident in New Zealand highlight significant health policy and service delivery issues within an increasingly diverse society. Over the last decade, marked differences in the health status of Pacific New Zealanders and Palagi New Zealanders have been well documented, showing high levels of disparity and continuing negative trends. This paper provides a broad overview of the history of Pacific health and health initiatives in New Zealand from the 1940s through to the mid 2000s, highlighting the interface between Pacific peoples and the New Zealand health sector. While the New Zealand Government has become increasingly responsive to Pacific health needs, significant disparities remain between Pacific and Palagi populations. Furthermore, many of the encouraging health initiatives introduced in the past decade remain at risk due to a variety of factors, including a need to strengthen the Pacific health workforce and management expertise.     

The dynamics of full-time and part-time female labour force participation in Great Britain

This paper examines empirically the dynamics of female labour force participation in Great Britain stressing the distinction between full-time and part-time employment. A three-state employment model is assumed, the states being in full-time work, in part-time work and not employed. The six transitions suggested by this state space represent exits from employment, entries into employment and employment changes (or transitions directly from full-time work to part-time work andvice versa). In order to quantify the impact that selected socio-economic factors have on the intensity of these transitions, hazard regression analysis is used. The data are from the1980 Women and Employment Survey. The analysis indicates that full-time and part-time employmènt are states exhibiting major differences beyond the obvious difference in the number of hours worked.Cet article envisage les dynamiques de l'activité professionnelle féminine en insistant sur la distinction entre emploi à plein temps et emploi à temps partiel. Un modèle faisant intervenir trois états (travail à plein temps, travail à temps partiel et inactivité) est proposé. Les six transitions possibles entre ces trois états sont les départs de l'emploi, les entrées dans l'emploi et les changements dans le statut de l'emploi (ou transitions entre emploi à plein temps et emploi à temps partiel et vice versa). En vue de quantifier le rôle de certains facteurs socio-économiques sur l'intensité de ces transitions, un modèle de régression à risques proportionnels est utilisé. Les données sont issues de l'enquête de 1980 sur les femmés et l'emploi. L'analyse permet de conclure que des différences fondamentales existent entre l'emploi à plein temps et l'emploi à temps partiel, au-delà des différences évidentes du nombre d'heures de travail.     

The blame game: news,blame, and young homicide victims

Media have represented blame in homicide cases as attributable to a victim or an offender; we provide a more nuanced category of shared blame. We examine stories covering young homicide victims to demonstrate how shared blame is operationalized in print news, noting stark differences across a victim’s race and gender. We conduct a content analysis of the Orlando Sentinel newspaper and police reports from Seminole County and Sanford, Florida, from 2000 to 2012. Stark racial and gender differences are apparent in the way the content is framed and how the victims are depicted. The newspaper’s representation of young African American males is consistent with existing stereotypes of the “criminal black man.” We discuss the larger implications of our findings and how our results apply to high-profile killings of young homicide victims including Trayvon Martin.     

Perspectives of Adult Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse: An Exploration of the Adjustments to Self-Structure through Meaning-Making in Therapy

This critical literature review explored how adult survivors of child sexual abuse experienced adjustments to their self-structure through meaning-making in therapy. Following extensive searches of academic databases, 15 studies were identified for review. Using thematic analysis, eight themes emerged. The eight identified themes of trust, acknowledgement, evolution, acceptance, integration, congruence, relational, and agency represented distinct but interrelated components of self-structure. The findings also indicated that self-structure components may be both intra- and interrelational in nature and that movement in one theme may facilitate movement in another. While recognizing that the nature of the research captured a composite of experiences, it was found that there was a consistent movement and fluidity as to how participants arrived at an adjusted position for each of the themes. A suggested theoretical framework was developed showing the components of the self-structure impacted by meaning-making and the nature of the adjustments made. Recommendations are made regarding future research.     

IDENTIFYING THE EFFECTS OF MONETARY POLICY SHOCKS ON EXCHANGE RATES USING HIGH FREQUENCY DATA

This paper proposes a new approach to identifying the effects of monetary policy shocks in an international vector autoregression. Using high‐frequency data on the prices of Fed Funds futures contracts, we measure the impact of the surprise component of the FOMC‐day Federal Reserve policy decision on financial variables, such as the exchange rate and the foreign interest rate. We show how this information can be used to achieve identification without having to make the usual strong assumption of a recursive ordering. (JEL: C32, E52, F30)     

Treating the 'idiot' child in early 20th-century Ontario

The late 19th and early 20th centuries witnessed the widespread construction of institutions for individuals with intellectual disabilities. Consequently, most historical research into the history of intellectual disability has focused on medical interventions performed inside these quasi-medical institutions. Recently, however, there has been new interest in community options that existed at the same time and the way in which community care and formal institutions interacted. This paper explores these issues in the context of early 20th century Canada. It will demonstrate that families of 'idiot' children sought different types of treatments and care in order to remedy their child's behavioural difficulties and learning delays. In many cases, families resorted to applying for their child's admission to the then largest 'idiot' institution in Canada, the Orillia Asylum. However, these admissions often occurred after lengthy and often exhaustive attempts by families to find alternatives to the institution and, indeed, to formal medical treatment.