350keV Yb~＋注入Si（100）的射程分布和晶格损伤研究

用３５０ｋｅＶＹｂ~＋在室温下注入了单晶硅，并用卢瑟福背散射／沟道技术测量了注入离子在硅中的射程分布谱和晶格损伤谱。用表面能量近似和平均能量近似从背散射谱上计算了射程深度和射程分布的标准偏差。实验和计算结果表明，大部分注入离子都处于非替位位置。表面能量近似方法已能给出相当理想的计算精度，它与更精确的平均能量近似所得出的结果相差甚微。晶体与非晶体界面附近的损伤并由Ｙｂ~＋直接产生，它是一种次级级联碰撞效应。     

Four‐Month Attentional Regulation and Its Prediction of Three‐Year Compliance

The extent to which 4‐month attentional regulation during an infant‐mother still‐face situation and 12‐month attachment security during the Strange Situation predicted rates of compliance and noncompliance during a cleanup task at 36 months was examined longitudinally in 70 infant‐mother dyads. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that infants who showed more attentional regulation during the still‐face situation with mothers later showed a higher rate of committed compliance and a lower rate of situational compliance during cleanup with mothers. Furthermore, lower levels of attentional regulation were later associated with higher rates of assertive behavior, but only for infants in an insecure attachment relationship.     

加强成果评价 改进评价方法

社会科学成果评价的发展,经历了一个从同行学者的单一定性评议,到使用评价指标将定性评价与定量评价相结合,从较为单一的同行评价方式,到同行评议与文献计量分析多种评价方法互相补充的演变过程.成果评价中的直接指标和间接指标、直接评价与间接评价、主观评价和客观评价的相互关系和存在的问题,所反映的正是社会科学研究成果评价的悖论.     

Intermarriages Between Western Women and Palestinian Men: Multidirectional Adaptation Processes

This article addresses cultural adaptation of Western‐Palestinian intermarried couples. Using in‐depth interviews, information was gathered from 16 participants, 7 Western women and 9 Palestinian men, living in Palestinian cities in the West Bank. Adaptation strategies are typified by the extent to which each spouse embraces the partner's culture. The data suggest that intermarriage engenders a multidirectional adaptation process. Patriarchy and East‐West power relations affect mainly the women, having to face marginalization on the basis of their gender and their foreignness. The men undergo a double process of cultural adaptation: to the Western culture and to their native culture after their return. Both the husbands’ extended family and the Israeli‐Palestinian conflict were found to affect both partners’ adaptation.     

Gendered Perspectives in Psychology: Immigrant Origin Youth

In this article, we contend that the field of psychology has largely failed to foreground the role of gender in its study of immigration. Here, we review studies that address gender and migration focusing on the experience of children and adolescents. We provide developmental perspectives on family relations, well‐being, identity formation, and educational outcomes, paying particular attention to the role of gender in these domains. We conclude with recommendations for future research, which include the need to consider whether, and if so, how, when, and why it makes a difference to be an immigrant, to be from a particular country, or to be female rather than male. We argue that it is important to consider socioeconomic characteristics; to consider resilience as well as pathology; and to work in interdisciplinary ways to deepen our understanding of the gendered migratory experience of immigrant origin youth.     

Child‐Care Usage and Mother‐Infant “Quality Time”

Mothers' time‐use patterns were compared in families in which infants spent more than 30 hours per week in child care (In‐Care group; n= 143) versus 0 hours per week (At‐Home group; n= 183) from birth to 6 months of age. In‐Care group mothers spent about 12 fewer hours per week interacting with their infants, for about 32% less time; fathers of these infants were more involved in caregiving. The groups did not differ in the quality of mother‐infant interaction. In the In‐Care group, quantity of interaction was related to greater separation anxiety and concerns about effects of maternal employment. Time‐use data were not related to child outcomes at 15 months of age. Results suggest that the effect of extensive time spent apart on the quantity and quality of mother‐infant interaction may be smaller than anticipated.     

离子晶体外表面束缚极化子

本文计及表面光学声子的作用以及像电荷的作用,采用变分方法对一些材料外表面束缚极化子的基态能量和自陷能作了数值计算,并对结果进行了讨论,发现:对于Ⅰ—Ⅶ、Ⅱ—Ⅵ,Ⅲ—Ⅴ化合物的外表面,均可形成稳定的束缚极化子,且由于表面光学声子的作用,使这一杂质态更加稳定。     

Infants' Responses to Gender‐Inconsistent Events

Toddlers' knowledge of the stereotyping of traditionally feminine and masculine household activities was examined using the preferential looking paradigm. Seventy‐seven 24‐month‐old infants observed a series of 9 pairs of photographs, each portraying a male and female adult engaged in the same stereotyped or gender‐neutral activity (e.g., ironing, hammering, or reading). Longer looking times were predicted on stimuli inconsistent with gender stereotypes (e.g., looking longer at the man putting on lipstick than at the woman). The results suggested that toddlers have acquired some knowledge of the gender stereotyping of feminine activities by their 2nd birthday.     

如何提高学生的听力应试能力

从大学英语四、六级历次全国统考结果看 ,听力部分一直是众多考生的薄弱环节。因此 ,听力不仅成了学生学习外语的一大难题 ,而且也是各院校外语教师苦苦思考的一大问题。要解决这一问题 ,首先应找出影响听力提高的原因 ,并同时加强学生听力技能的训练     

正、负离子表面活性剂混合体系的研究

研究了由一种负离子表面活性剂和两种正离子表面活性剂组成的三元体系，得到了一些相容规律，同时测定了部分二元体系表面张力的下降值．