基于属性分布信息的大规模群体评价方法及应用

针对大规模群体评价中如何实现群体意见的有效集结,如何体现群体共识度对评价活动的影响等问题,本文提出了一种基于属性分布信息的群体评价方法。首先,利用群体评价信息构建各属性的分布,以体现群体对属性的共识程度,并结合属性取值区间,采用分布型区间数对群体评价信息进行描述;在定义分布型区间数运算规则的基础上,提出了属性权重也为分布型区间数的加权集结算子;然后,设计了基于分布型区间综合评价值的方案排序方法;最后,利用Matlab软件,给出了应用算例,结果表明方法具有可操作性和有效性。     

构建中国大学模式：文化选择的视角

文化精神是大学的灵魂,中国大学模式的构建是中国大学百年发展历程中摆脱依附、寻求自主发展和独立发展的探索过程,体现出文化选择的时代特征。在建设高教强国的背景下提出建构中国大学模式的命题,表明了中国大学发展对中华民族的复兴具有重要作用。从文化选择的视角思考中国大学模式的构建,需要传承近代中国大学文化精神,立足中国模式,以文化包容的心态融合世界大学的共同精神,遵循世界大学发展的普适规律并形成中国大学的文化特色。     

Analysis of Local Acceptance of a Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility

Like many other countries in the world, Korea has struggled to site a facility for radioactive waste for almost 30 years because of the strong opposition from local residents. Finally, in 2005, Gyeongju was established as the first Korean site for a radioactive waste facility. The objectives of this research are to verify Gyeongju citizens' average level of risk perception of a radioactive waste disposal facility as compared to other risks, and to explore the best model for predicting respondents' acceptance level using variables related to cost-benefit, risk perception, and political process. For this purpose, a survey is conducted among Gyeongju residents, the results of which are as follows. First, the local residents' risk perception of an accident in a radioactive waste disposal facility is ranked seventh among a total of 13 risks, which implies that nuclear-related risk is not perceived very highly by Gyeongju residents; however, its characteristics are still somewhat negative. Second, the comparative regression analyses show that the cost-benefit and political process models are more suitable for explaining the respondents' level of acceptance than the risk perception model. This may be the result of the current economic depression in Gyeongju, residents' familiarity with the nuclear industry, or cultural characteristics of risk tolerance.     

试析西部地区环境权的特点

环境权作为一项基本人权得到了世界的普遍认同 ,一些国家通过立法将环境权确定为法定权利。环境权的客体是环境 ,这就决定了权利的质和量的区别。正因为如此 ,西部地区的环境权才呈现出自己的特点 :民族性 ,自然景观与恶劣的地理条件、丰富的自然资源与低生产能力并存 ,生存权对环境权行使的严重制约等。通过这些特点可以看到 :西部地区的根本问题是如何在解决生存权的过程中实现环境权 ,显然 ,这离不开其他地区的帮助。     

Accelerated Life Test Data Analysis for Repairable Systems

In this article, the imperfect maintenance model and proportional intensity model are used to analyze failure data of repairable systems in accelerated life testing. In the design and development phase of products, we should collect and analyze failure data quickly with small proto-type products. Thus, we test the products under accelerated conditions and if the products fail, then we repair and use those continuously in the life testing. Acceleration and repair models are needed to analyze the failure data. An age reduction model (Brown et al.'s Brown et al. 1983 Brown , J. F. , Mahoney , J. F. , Sivazlian , B. D. ( 1983 ). Hysteresis repair in discounted replacement problems . IIE Trans. 15 : 156 – 165 . [CSA] [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], model) and relationship between scale parameter and stress level are assumed. The stress acts multiplicatively on the baseline cumulative intensity. The maximum likelihood method is used, the log-likelihood function is derived, and a maximizing procedure is proposed. In simulation studies, we investigate the accuracy and trends of the maximum likelihood estimator.     

Asymptotic Behavior of the Kernel Density Estimator from a Geometric Viewpoint

From the view of a geometric approach, we consider the problem of density estimation on the m-dimensional unit sphere by using the kernel method. The definition of the kernel estimator is motivated from the concept of the exponential map. This article shows that the asymptotic behavior of the estimator contains a geometric quantity (the sectional curvature) on the unit sphere. This implies that the behavior depends on whether the sectional curvature is positive or negative. Using observed data on normals to the orbital planes of long-period comets, numerical examples on the two-dimensional unit sphere are given.     

我国对外文化交流战略能力提升研究

文化影响力是一个国家软实力的重要体现,提高国家的文化软实力,使我国文化更好地走向世界,提升中华文化在人类文明价值体系中的地位,必须构建、实施一整套文化培植、复兴、发展与对外交流的文化传播战略,其核心是选择恰当的对外文化交流战略,以实现繁荣中国文化、提高中国文化国际影响力的基本目标。     

Adaptive sampling for Bayesian geospatial models

Bayesian hierarchical modeling with Gaussian process random effects provides a popular approach for analyzing point-referenced spatial data. For large spatial data sets, however, generic posterior sampling is infeasible due to the extremely high computational burden in decomposing the spatial correlation matrix. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm—the adaptive griddy Gibbs (AGG) algorithm—to address the computational issues with large spatial data sets. The proposed algorithm dramatically reduces the computational complexity. We show theoretically that the proposed method can approximate the real posterior distribution accurately. The sufficient number of grid points for a required accuracy has also been derived. We compare the performance of AGG with that of the state-of-the-art methods in simulation studies. Finally, we apply AGG to spatially indexed data concerning building energy consumption.     

老的老小的小爱和微笑

在辽宁省绥中县,有这样一个群体,他们不分年龄、职业、学历、贫富,只为一个共同的理想走到一起,无论在抗震救灾的募捐现场,还是在福利院或养老院;抑或在街头清除城市“牛皮癣”的队伍中,还是在被捐助的贫困学生的家里,都能见到他们的身影.他们来去匆匆,不留姓名,但他们拥有一个共同的名字——爱心志愿者.     

中国制造业出口贸易隐含污染的测算及启示

基于投入产出法,以二氧化硫作为污染的代表性指标,测算2004—2010年中国制造业各部门的直接污染排放系数、完全污染排放系数及出口贸易隐含污染,利用结构分解法将隐含污染变化量分解为技术效应、结构效应和规模效应。2004—2008年,中国制造业出口贸易隐含污染占二氧化硫排放总量的一半以上,即超过一半的二氧化硫排放量是由贸易伙伴国的进口需求引起的。我国制造业各部门的直接污染排放系数和完全污染排放系数都有所下降,说明各部门的节能减排工作取得了较好效果。规模效应促使出口贸易隐含污染排放增加,技术效应促使制造业出口贸易隐含污染排放减少。未来,应当优化制造业产业结构,转变贸易增长方式;加强引导,实施绿色贸易政策;构建新的污染排放责任归属机制。