Multidimensional time and income poverty: well-being gap and minimum 2DGAP poverty intensity – German evidence

This paper focuses on interdependent multidimensional poverty of time and income with its incidence and intensity. We introduce a Two Dimensional Minimum Poverty Gap (2DGAP) measure, which quantifies the shortest path to escape multidimensional poverty. The 2DGAP disentangles single poverty attribute gaps while assuring their interdependence; an important issue for targeted antipoverty policies. Besides income, we include genuine personal leisure time with social participation reflecting Sen’s capability approach. The interdependence of multidimensional poverty is estimated by a CES-type well-being function with individual German data. The empirical results of Germany’s “working poor” emphasize the importance of time with social participation aspects in the multidimensional poverty discussion.     

In the Yugoslav Mirror: The EU Disintegration Crisis

The Yugoslav and the present EU integration crisis display several parallels. In both cases, the integration models have proved to be unable to attenuate the uneven development patterns, and the state has been characterised by strong confederal elements. Deep economic crisis strengthened in both cases the centrifugal tendencies. The political discourse became increasingly dominated by the question ‘who exploits whom?’. While central authorities pursued policies of neo-liberal structural adjustment eroding its legitimacy among the popular classes, the republican authorities in Yugoslavia, respectively, the national governments in the EU tried to shift the burden of the crises to the others and strengthened their role during the crisis management. With the deepening of the crisis, constitutional reform became an issue in Yugoslavia. In the Yugoslav case, the various proposals proved to be irreconcilable. In the EU, a debate on its future shape has begun as well. This issue is highly controversial. In the EU, a key problem is the relationship between euro zone and non-euro zone states. Such an institutional divide did not exist in Yugoslavia. It is significant that the leading state of the non-euro zone group, the UK, is the first state to exit the EU. A key question is whether the EU has already passed the critical point where a deep reform is still possible.     

A note on testing the nullity of the between group variance in the one-way random effects model under variance heterogeneity

In an unbalanced and heteroscedastic one-way random effects model, we compare, by way of simulation, several test statistics for testing the null hypothesis that the variance of the random effects, also named the between group variance, is zero. These tests are the classical F-test, the test proposed by Jeyaratnam & Othman, the Welch test, and a modified version of Welch's test.     

Randomization of neighbour balanced generalized Youden designs

If a crossover design with more than two treatments is carryover balanced, then the usual randomization of experimental units and periods would destroy the neighbour structure of the design. As an alternative, Bailey [1985. Restricted randomization for neighbour-balanced designs. Statist. Decisions Suppl. 2, 237–248] considered randomization of experimental units and of treatment labels, which leaves the neighbour structure intact. She has shown that, if there are no carryover effects, this randomization validates the row–column model, provided the starting design is a generalized Latin square. We extend this result to generalized Youden designs where either the number of experimental units is a multiple of the number of treatments or the number of periods is equal to the number of treatments. For the situation when there are carryover effects we show for so-called totally balanced designs that the variance of the estimates of treatment differences does not change in the presence of carryover effects, while the estimated variance of this estimate becomes conservative.     

Eine integrative Theorie des Problemlösens in Gruppen III: Sozio-emotionale Regulation,Konflikte und Kompetenzbedrohungen

This paper is the third paper in a three-part article series presenting an integrative theory of problem solving in groups on the basis of theory and research on group processes, problem solving, and decision making. Problem solving in groups is differentiated into three focuses of action, namely taskwork, group organisation and socio-emotional regulation. In the present paper, aspects of socio-emotional regulation are addressed. Three types of problems are differentiated in the domain of socio-emotional regulation: task-related conflict, socio-emotional conflict and competence impairment. Causes and consequences of task-related conflict, socio-emotional conflict and competence impairment are discussed. For each of the three problem types, recommendations for successful action are established taking into account situational constraints and attributes of the group members. Furthermore, the performance-enhancing effect of self reflection in problem solving groups is discussed.     

European Welfare regimes and the transition to adulthood: A comparative and longitudinal perspective

Social Indicators Research -     

Introduction

Social Indicators Research -     

Urban segregation in Sweden housing policy,housing markets,and the spacial distribution of households in metropolitan areas

The postwar Swedish housing standard has been raised considerably. But there were also unforeseen and undesired side effects in the form of increasing segregation. Between 1965–1975 a great number of rental apartments were built in the periphery of the metropolitan areas. They originally received an overrepresentation of the poor, immigrants, social welfare recipients, and members of the working class. Today these areas face long distances, increasing deterioration and the lower socioeconomic level of their population is accentuated. The following wave of rebuilding in the central metropolitan areas also reinforced residential segregation. As the dwellings became larger and totally modern, the rents rose. Ownership forms often changed to tenant-owned dwellings which drove up the prices of tenant-owned dwellings. The older working-class population was replaced by wealthy families with middle-class backgrounds. The rebuilding in the city centers has in all likelihood been the motor in the overall relocations and migrations of the metropolitan populations during the 1980s. The movement of the middle-class towards the centers corresponds to an increased concentration of workers and various resource-weak groups on the peripheries. This analysis uses a new large micro data base integrating Swedish census and level-of-living survey data on individuals, households and neighbourhoods.Housing segregation has not been seen as a very serious problem in Sweden. Attention has primarily been aimed at providing spatial and modern dwellings for everyone. The construction of housing was explosive through the middle of the 1970s, and it has been supported by substantial general subsidies. Today, Sweden, together with Norway, has Europe's highest and most evenly distributed housing standard. Overcrowding and unmodern housing have for all practical purposes been abolished.     

Aspekte der Gesundheitsförderung für LehrerInnen

For future actions in workplace health promotion programs for teachers in secondary school, specific (health-related) work strain and resources should be examined. By means of a mail survey (return rate 55%) indicators of work strain, work-related resources, work-related wellbeing (self efficacy and job satisfaction) and indicators of subjective health state (GHQ-12, somatic symptom list and two global ratings of the state of health) were collected. Results show, that compared to other populations significant poorer health ratings for teachers are observed. According to the main presumption, the individual state of health is explainable to a great extent by work strain, resources and work related wellbeing (explained variance between 13 and 29%). The results show however, that the association between the perceived strength of several dimensions of work strain and resources at the one hand and subjective health state on the other hand is limited. Usually, actions in workplace health promotion are based on an empirical investigation concerning the working conditions. Actions that only focus on dimensions of work strain (or lacking resources) which are most emphasised by the employees may risk mischief, as other — more outstanding health related — aspects are possibly neglected. Foregoing investigations prior to workplace health promotions should therefore put more emphasise on the association of work strain, resources and indicators of health.     

Self-management of gestational diabetes among Chinese migrants: A qualitative study

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. Women with Gestational diabetes are at increased risk of serious health outcomes, such as pre-eclampsia, obstructed labor, and the development of Type 2 diabetes later in life. Chinese migrants, the third largest cultural group in Australia, are more likely to develop Gestational diabetes than Australian-born women. However, to date, Gestational diabetes self-management has not been investigated in this population.