Prevalence of Problem Gambling Among Adolescents: A Comparison Across Modes of Access,Gambling Activities,and Levels of Severity

The high availability and accessibility of online gambling have recently caused public concern regarding the potential increase of gambling-related problems among young people. Nonetheless, few studies among adults and none among adolescents have explored specific characteristics of gamblers as a function of gambling venues to date. This study sought to analyze the prevalence of gambling among a sample of adolescents in the last year, as well as sociodemographic and gambling-related characteristics as possible predictors of at-risk and problem gambling. The sample comprised 1313 adolescents aged 14–18 years. Participants were asked to respond to several questions regarding their gambling behavior. Chi square and ANOVA tests were performed in order to explore differences between groups, and a set of multinomial regressions established significant severity predictors. The prevalence of at-risk and problem gambling was 4 and 1.2 %, respectively. Regression analyses showed that having a relative with gambling problems predicted at-risk gambling. Both living with only one parent or not living with parents at all, and the prevalence of Electronic Gambling Machines in the last year were associated with problem gambling. Mixed-mode gambling was a predictor of both at-risk and problem gambling. Our findings extend previous research on gambling among adolescents by exploring gambling behavior according to different modes of access. Although the prevalence of exclusive online gambling among the total sample was low, these results support the need to consider specific subgroups of gamblers and their concrete related features when conducting both indicated prevention and treatment protocols for adolescents.     

On the bias of factor score determinacy coefficients based on different estimation methods of the exploratory factor model

The factor score determinacy coefficient represents the common variance of the factor score predictor with the corresponding factor. The aim of the present simulation study was to compare the bias of determinacy coefficients based on different estimation methods of the exploratory factor model. Overall, determinacy coefficients computed from parameters based on maximum likelihood estimation, unweighted least squares estimation, and principal axis factoring were more precise than determinacy coefficients based on generalized least squares estimation and alpha factoring.     

Employment Quality: Are There Differences by Types of Contract?

Measuring welfare state generosity in developing and transitional welfare states is often challenged not only by lack of comparative quantitative data, but also by issues of conceptual stretching. This paper demonstrates and discusses the use of one of the key measures of welfare entitlement generosity developed in the comparative welfare state research in the context of post-communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). With the new time series data provided by the Comparative Welfare Entitlements Dataset CWED2, comparative approaches including the CEE countries have become feasible. This paper first discusses quantitative measures of welfare entitlement generosity in the tradition of the social rights of citizenship approach and how they can be applied for cross-country comparisons. It then demonstrates empirically how the emerging CEE welfare states’ generosity compares to mature “old” OECD welfare states. Finally, the paper shows the potential and the pitfalls of quantitative measures of welfare state generosity by discussing, to what extent do indicators of social security scheme generosity measure the same in established and emerging welfare states, which functional equivalents may be relevant in the context of emerging welfare states and how far can we stretch our theoretical concepts.     

From Rags to Riches? Immigration and Poverty in Spain

This article for first time explores the relationship between immigration and poverty in Spain. Using recent Spanish household surveys, it is found, first, that both moderate and severe poverty are more acute among immigrants than among nationals and social transfers play no substantial role in reducing monetary deprivation in the case of foreign-born population; in the second place, we perform an econometric analysis that shows that the different poverty risk faced by local and immigrant households is not driven by differences in basic household and demographic characteristics.     

窥探儿童的心灵世界——伊朗儿童电影的叙事特征分析

伊朗儿童电影富有独特的艺术魅力,而叙事艺术无疑是其最为鲜明的特征。通过从叙事视角、叙事节奏、叙事主题三个方面来探究其叙事特征,可以发现其叙事视角的儿童化心理化单一化、叙事节奏的散文化、叙事主题的家庭伦理化的艺术呈现,以此来深入认识并借鉴其叙事艺术手法。     

The true maximum-likelihood estimators for the generalized Gaussian distribution with p = 3, 4, 5

The generalized Gaussian distribution with location parameter μ, scale parameter σ, and shape parameter p contains the Laplace, normal, and uniform distributions as particular cases for p = 1, 2, +∞, respectively. Derivations of the true maximum-likelihood estimators of μ and σ for these special cases are popular exercises in many university courses. Here, we show how the true maximum-likelihood estimators of μ and σ can be derived for p = 3, 4, 5. The derivations involve solving of quadratic, cubic, and quartic equations.     

论地理标志法律制度对传统产品品牌化的意义

地理标志意味着产品具有更优的质量、更好的声誉或是更独特的工艺,是传统产品品牌化的有效方式。地理标志国际保护是欧洲国家为了在国际市场上打造高端的农产品品牌而积极推进的产物。地理标志品牌的培育是多方共同努力维护的结果,这其中包括法律的规范和引导,行业协会的高效管理、生产者自觉地维护和使用以及国际保护规则的推行。在我国推行地理标志的强保护标准有利于本土品牌的产生和发展,而我国当前的地理标志法律制度是域外法律移植的结果,对品牌产生和发展存在诸多阻碍因素。促进我国地理标志产品品牌化,需要从3个方面努力:统一地理标志权利取得规则;建立以行业自律为主要方式的地理标志质量控制体系;在自由贸易协定中对地理标志法律保护作出安排。     

From Entrepreneurial Orientation and Learning Orientation to Business Performance: Analysing the Mediating Role of Organizational Learning and the Moderating Effects of Organizational Size

Following the organizational learning theory and the knowledge‐based view approach, this contribution aims to study the influence of entrepreneurial orientation and learning orientation on organizational learning, considering the latter as a mediating variable in the relationships between both antecedent cultural values and business performance. We also analyse the moderating role of organizational size on these previous relationships. The hypotheses proposed in our research model are tested on a sample of 140 Spanish industrial companies, applying variance‐based structural equation modelling: partial least squares. In order to assess the moderating effects of organizational size, we adopt a multi‐group approach using two subsamples with large firms and small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). Our findings indicate that organizational learning partially mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance and fully mediates the link between learning orientation and performance. Likewise, the results reveal that the relationship established between entrepreneurial orientation and organizational learning is more intense for the group of large firms than for the group of SMEs. Moreover, the influence of learning orientation on organizational learning is greater in SMEs than in large firms.     

Optimal Temporal Customer Purchasing Decisions Under Trade‐In Programs with Up‐Front Fees

To entice customers to purchase both current and new generation products over time, many firms offer different trade‐in programs including programs that require customers to pay an up‐front fee. To examine the effectiveness of the trade‐in programs, we develop a two‐period model in which a firm sells the first generation product in the first period and the second generation product in the second period; however, the firm offers a trade‐in program that customers can participate in when purchasing the first generation product in the first period. To participate, each customer has to pay a nonrefundable fee in the first period so that she has the option to trade‐in her first generation product and receive a prespecified trade‐in value to be used for the purchase of the second generation product in the second period. To capture market heterogeneity and market uncertainty, we examine the case when the valuation of the first generation product varies among customers and the valuation of the second generation product is uncertain a priori. By analyzing a two‐period game, we determine the optimal purchasing behavior of each rational customer, and we show that the firm is always better off by offering its own trade‐in programs. Also, our numerical analysis reveals that trade‐in programs can benefit the firm significantly especially when (i) the residual value of the first generation product is high; (ii) the expected incremental value of the second generation product is high; or (iii) the valuation of the second generation product is highly uncertain.     

西北地区少数民族大学生中华民族共同体意识培育研究

西北地区少数民族大学生中华民族共同体意识的培育,关系边疆稳定、民族团结和西北地区经济发展。对来自西北地区的5所高校近600名少数民族大学生的调查结果显示,当前西北地区少数民族大学生在中华民族共同体意识的整体水平较高。情感归属行为自觉等维度方面从考察人口统计特征因素对其影响的显著性程度上看,政治面貌对西北地区少数民族大学生中华民族共同体意识三个维度的影响差异最为显著,性别、生源地、父母受教育程度、社会交往因素的影响在不同维度上存在差异。可通过课程思政、党员引领、实践养成、以网致胜等途径增强西北地区少数民族大学生中华民族共同体意识培育的实效性。