长江中游城市群人口-空间-产业城镇化的时空耦合特征分析

文章基于ArcGIS-GeoDa平台,利用2008-2013年长江中游城市群面板数据,从人口、空间和产业城镇化角度刻画新型城镇化发展,实证检验长江中游城市群人口-空间-产业城镇化的空间自相关性及系统之间的时空耦合特征.研究表明:长江中游城市群新型城镇化水平偏低,空间城镇化和产业城镇化存在空间溢出效应,人口-空间-产业城镇化之间的耦合协调程度不高,但是各市(县)两极分化较明显.     

Pooling designs associated with unitary space and ratio efficiency comparison

Let mathbbF^(2n+d)_q²mathbb{F}^{(2nu+delta)}_{q^{2}} be a (2ν+δ)-dimensional unitary space of mathbbF_q²mathbb{F}_{q^{2}} , where δ=0 or 1. In this paper we construct a family of inclusion matrices associated with subspaces of mathbbF^(2n+d)_q²mathbb{F}^{(2nu+delta)}_{q^{2}} , and exhibit its disjunct property. Moreover, we compare the ratio efficiency of this construction with others, and find it smaller under some conditions.     

中国零售银行的制度变迁和发展路径研究

中国零售银行经历了从初始形态向现代形态的发展变迁,典当、钱庄和票号等构成了中国零售银行的初始形态.新中国成立以后,中国的零售银行经历了曲折的制度变迁过程,合作金融、邮政金融等几经废立.但是改革开放以后,我国不断探索新时期适合中国国情的零售银行发展模式,积极推动零售银行制度改革和创新,包括改革合作金融体制,成立农村商业银行、村镇银行等新型金融机构,推动城市商业银行改制上市,为发展城乡社区型零售银行创造条件,同时改革邮政金融体制,成立了中国邮政储蓄银行,为我国大型零售银行的发展奠定了基础.中国零售银行制度在变迁中不断向前发展.我国零售银行的发展路径应该是组建社区型零售银行以及建立跨地域大型零售银行,实现对零售金融市场的全覆盖.     

Simple methods for evaluating and comparing binary experiments

We consider a confidence parametrization of binary information sources in terms of appropriate likelihood ratios. This parametrization is used for Bayesian belief updates and for the equivalent comparison of binary experiments. In contrast to the standard parametrization of a binary information source in terms of its specificity and its sensitivity, one of the two confidence parameters is sufficient for a Bayesian belief update conditional on a signal realization. We introduce a confidence-augmented receiver operating characteristic for comparisons of binary experiments for a class of “balanced” decision problems, relative to which the confidence order offers a higher resolution than Blackwell’s informativeness order.

Where observation is concerned, Chance favors only the prepared mind. —Louis Pasteur (1822–1895).

     

Choosing monetary sequences: theory and experimental evidence

We formulate and investigate experimentally a model of how individuals choose between time sequences of monetary outcomes. The model assumes that a decision maker uses, sequentially, two criteria to screen options. Each criterion only permits a decision between some pairs of options, while the other options are incomparable according to that criterion. When the first criterion is not decisive, the decision maker resorts to the second criterion to select an alternative. We find that: (1) traditional economic models based on discounting alone cannot explain a significant (almost 30%) proportion of the data no matter how much variability in the discount functions is allowed; (2) our model, despite considering only a specific (exponential) form of discounting, can explain the data much better solely thanks to the use of the secondary criterion; (3) our model explains certain specific patterns in the choices of the “irrational” people. We reject the hypothesis that anomalous behavior is due simply to random “mistakes” around the basic predictions of discounting theories: deviations are not random and there are clear systematic patterns of association between “irrational” choices.     

Population monotonic path schemes for simple games

A path scheme for a game is composed of a path, i.e., a sequence of coalitions that is formed during the coalition formation process and a scheme, i.e., a payoff vector for each coalition in the path. A path scheme is called population monotonic if a player’s payoff does not decrease as the path coalition grows. In this study, we focus on Shapley path schemes of simple games in which for every path coalition the Shapley value of the associated subgame provides the allocation at hand. Obviously, each Shapley path scheme of a game is population monotonic if and only if the Shapley allocation scheme of the game is population monotonic in the sense of Sprumont (Games Econ Behav 2:378–394, 1990). We prove that a simple game allows for population monotonic Shapley path schemes if and only if the game is balanced. Moreover, the Shapley path scheme of a specific path is population monotonic if and only if the first winning coalition that is formed along the path contains every minimal winning coalition. We also show that each Shapley path scheme of a simple game is population monotonic if and only if the set of veto players of the game is a winning coalition. Extensions of these results to other efficient probabilistic values are discussed.     

Policy relevant heterogeneity in the value of statistical life: New evidence from panel data quantile regressions

We examine differences in the value of statistical life (VSL) across potential wage levels in panel data using quantile regressions with intercept heterogeneity. Latent heterogeneity is econometrically important and affects the estimated VSL. Our findings indicate that a reasonable average cost per expected life saved cut-off for health and safety regulations is 7 million to7 million to 8 million per life saved, but the VSL varies considerably across the labor force. Our results reconcile the previous discrepancies between hedonic VSL estimates and the values implied by theories linked to the coefficient of relative risk aversion. Because the VSL varies elastically with income, regulatory agencies should regularly update the VSL used in benefit assessments, increasing the VSL proportionally with changes in income over time.     

Demand for health risk reductions: A cross-national comparison between the U.S. and Canada

Using a large stated preference survey conducted across the U.S. and Canada, we assess differences in individual willingness to pay (WTP) for health risk reductions between the two countries. Our utility-theoretic choice model allows for systematically varying marginal utilities for avoided future time in different adverse health states (illness-years, recovered/remission years, and lost life-years). We find significant differences between Canadian and U.S. preferences. WTP also differs systematically with age, gender, education, and marital status, as well as a number of attitudinal and subjective health-perception variables. Age profiles for WTP are markedly different across the two countries. Canadians tend to display flatter age profiles, with peak WTP realized at older ages.