Online MapReduce processing on two identical parallel machines

In this work we investigate the online over-list MapReduce processing problem on two identical parallel machines, aiming at minimizing the makespan. Jobs are revealed one by one, and each job consists of one map task and one reduce task. The map task can be arbitrarily split and processed on both machines simultaneously, while the reduce task has to be processed on a single machine and it cannot be started unless the map task has been completed. We first show that the general case of the problem reduces to the classical two machine online scheduling model with an optimal competitive ratio of 3/2. For a special case where the map task is at least as long as the reduce task, we prove that no online algorithm can be less than 4/3-competitive. An optimal Greedy algorithm with a matching competitive ratio is proposed as well.     

慈善捐赠、公司治理与股东财富

近些年来,越来越多的企业开始从事慈善捐赠,而企业这种利他主义行为会给股东财富带来何种影响却始终没有得到回答。通过研究2008年汶川地震后中国上市公司的捐赠行为,本文发现慈善捐赠对于股东财富来说是一把双刃剑:不论从短期还是长期来看,累计超额回报率均和捐赠排名正相关,表明了慈善捐赠能够提升股东财富;而对于成长性高的公司而言,其捐款的机会成本较高,企业的捐赠活动降低了股东财富。更为重要的是,慈善捐赠对于股东财富的提升仅体现在大股东非绝对控股和机构持股的公司中,说明只有有效的公司治理机制才能够确保企业做出最大化股东财富的捐赠行为。本文的发现为更好地评价和规范企业慈善捐赠活动提供了一定的经验支持。     

中国农村社会稳定状况及其特征:基于100村1765户的调查分析

本研究试图通过一个基于全国不同地区村庄的大规模抽样调查,对于当前我国农村地区的总体社会稳定状况及其特征进行分析和总结,重点关注在以往的研究中"缺失"的那部分群体,描绘那些可能存在的冲突隐患,结果发现:虽然从总体上看,我国农村社会还处在一种稳定状态,发生冲突的比重较低,且大多数规模较小、激烈程度不高。但一方面,我国农村地区巨大的人口基数决定,即使比例较低,爆发出冲突的绝对数量也不容乐观;另一方面,农村地区积累的大量不满情绪得不到纾解,给未来的社会稳定维护造成极大困难;此外,研究发现,当前基层政府在介入冲突或者纠纷解决机制过程中并未发挥其应有的作用,有时一些不当的"维稳"措施还可能造成矛盾的激化。因此,改善社会管理方式,关注大多数农村居民的实际需求,对维护我国农村社会稳定具有重要意义。     

Analytical network process for software selection in product development: A case study

Application of software for manufacturing processes is one of the resolutions many enterprises have resorted to in the 21st century. This has been a result of increased complexity of products, globalization, rapid changes in technology and so on. The idea was that application of software especially for product development would increase the competitive advantage of industry nevertheless the irony has been that most of the investment in software has not achieved the expected results. We carry out a case study to introduce a methodology, the analytical network process as a multiattribute strategic decision making approach to help in the selection of appropriate software to suit the product development process of a particular product.     

布莱克─肖尔斯期权定价模型在公司价值评估中的应用

公司股票、债券在本质上可看成是基于公司资产的期权,因而可用期权定价方法对其价值进行评估。本文介绍了最典型的期权定价模型─布莱克一肖尔斯期权定价模型,分析了该模型在公司证券价值评估中的应用。     

Preservation of generalized ageing classes on the residual life at random time

In this paper, we provide some new preservation properties of generalized ageing classes (s-IFR) on the residual life at random time, where s is a nonnegative integer. We also obtain bounds of the residual life at exponential random time. Results are expected to be useful in the reliability, queue theory and actuarial science.     

A new approach to statistical efficiency of weighted least squares fitting algorithms for reparameterization of nonlinear regression models

We study nonlinear least-squares problem that can be transformed to linear problem by change of variables. We derive a general formula for the statistically optimal weights and prove that the resulting linear regression gives an optimal estimate (which satisfies an analogue of the Rao-Cramer lower bound) in the limit of small noise.     

Testing bioequivalence for multiple formulations with power and sample size calculations

Bioequivalence (BE) trials play an important role in drug development for demonstrating the BE between test and reference formulations. The key statistical analysis for BE trials is the use of two one‐sided tests (TOST), which is equivalent to showing that the 90% confidence interval of the relative bioavailability is within a given range. Power and sample size calculations for the comparison between one test formulation and the reference formulation has been intensively investigated, and tables and software are available for practical use. From a statistical and logistical perspective, it might be more efficient to test more than one formulation in a single trial. However, approaches for controlling the overall type I error may be required. We propose a method called multiplicity‐adjusted TOST (MATOST) combining multiple comparison adjustment approaches, such as Hochberg's or Dunnett's method, with TOST. Because power and sample size calculations become more complex and are difficult to solve analytically, efficient simulation‐based procedures for this purpose have been developed and implemented in an R package. Some numerical results for a range of scenarios are presented in the paper. We show that given the same overall type I error and power, a BE crossover trial designed to test multiple formulations simultaneously only requires a small increase in the total sample size compared with a simple 2 × 2 crossover design evaluating only one test formulation. Hence, we conclude that testing multiple formulations in a single study is generally an efficient approach. The R package MATOST is available at https://sites.google.com/site/matostbe/ . Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大力培养适应市场需要的营销生力军——高等职业教育市场营销专业人才需求调研报告

市场经济的浪潮,呼唤大批的市场营销人才。为深化高职市场营销专业的教学改革,实现人才培养模式的创新,培养合格的营销生力军,必须紧密结合市场对营销人才的需求而有的放矢。本文在综合分析商职市场营销专业人才需求调查结果的基础上,针对高职市场营销专业人才需求态势和毕业生在适应人才市场需求方面存在的问题,提出了深化专业教学改革,造就真正适应社会需求的高素质营销人才的建议。     

教师课堂教学质量综合评价方法研究

教师课堂教学质量综合评价以课堂教学质量评价指标体系为基础,综合评价方法主要包括指标加权平均法和模糊综合评价法。难点是评价指标的设计和量化处理,权集的构造。对评价结果的分析可采用绝对评价(等级判断),相对评价,动态评价(个体差异的评价)。