Thresholds, productivity, and context: an experimental study on determinants of distributive behaviour

In our questionnaire experiment we confronted students of economics, law and medicine with distributive situations in different contexts characterised by two features inspired by medical decision problems: First, individual threshold values indicate minimal amounts needed by potential recipients of the given resource to obtain positive benefits. Second, recipients differ with respect to their ability to benefit from the given quantity, which indicates the productivity of the resource. Allocations offered in the questionnaire are theoretically grounded. However, respondents were also able to make their own proposals. Well-known allocation rules, but also new procedures, were witnessed. Two multistage principles were most prominent: After distributing all minimal amounts, in a second step one aims for resource-equality while the other principle in the second step demands the maximisation of the sum of payoffs. Besides threshold values and productivity, the acceptance of different principles also depended on the field of study, the degree of scarcity of the resources and the sequential order of situations.     

器物之用——物质性的人类学探究

当代学界对器物与物品的研究,总易建立在主体与客体、理性与感性的二分之上,从而或将器物视为社会关系或社会性的反映,或将物抽离于语境来研究。这也使得当代博物馆的建立与陈列中,器物被去除其灵性与意义,器物与其制造者、使用者、消费者,甚至博物馆参观者之间的生动联系被割裂,而成为死气沉沉之物。本文引入拉图尔的“事实拜物教”（factishism）一词,并不再局限于仅从器物的制造角度来看物,而是重新探讨器物之灵性,即器物何以通过仪式等方式而被激活,从而获得一种自主性。这样一种视角,也是对破除欧洲中心主义器物研究的有力反思。     

Personality and Labour Market Income: Evidence from Longitudinal Data

This study contributes to the literature on how personality is rewarded in the labour market by examining the relationship between personality and labour market income. Our results suggest that adulthood extraversion is positively associated with income when education, work experience, and unemployment history, measured prospectively from longitudinal data, are controlled for. In addition, childhood constructiveness indicating active and well‐controlled behaviour has a positive association with income in adulthood.