Closed Circuit TV Debate Bridges the Gap between Schools

Abstract

Children of Cambodia's Killing Fields: Memoirs by Survivors, compiled by Dith Pran. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1998. 199 pp. ISBN 0-300-06839-5. $14.95.     

Suburban Sprawl,Regional Diffusion,and the Fate of Small Retailers in a Large Retail Environment, 1977–1996

Abstract

Research on the decline of public life in the United States has largely overlooked the role of Main Street retailers that provide public spaces for the maintenance of informal social ties. A central factor shaping the viability of small retailers is the development of big box chain stores that offer one-stop shopping and price out smaller competitors. Although prior studies have considered the transition from small to large retailers as a national phenomenon, arguing for the importance of place effects, we document the spatial variation in this process for nonmetropolitan counties in the United States. We hypothesize that the economic downturns in agriculture and manufacturing during the 1980s, combined with suburban sprawl into nonmetropolitan counties, facilitated the decline of small retailing in specific locales. Employing data from the 1977–1996 U.S. County Business Patterns, we test our hypotheses concerning the spatial variability in the decline of small retailing. Our results point to a marked decline in the number of establishments and employment in selected retail industries for nonmetropolitan counties near metropolitan areas in the South, Midwest, and West. These findings highlight the importance of considering local business enterprises as an important dimension of public life and local leadership in community affairs. We conclude our study by outlining the social consequences of the decline of small retail activity and suggest directions for future research.     

Social Workers who Move into Private Practice: The Impact of the Socio-economic Context

Summary This paper is based on a doctoral research project, conductedin New Zealand between 1993 and 1999, that considered factorsin the movement of social workers into private practice (vanHeugten, 1999). The study employed a qualitative methodologyin which 33 private practitioners were interviewed using semi-structuredquestionnaires. All respondents had at least a first professionalqualification in social work. The research grew from a realizationthat there had been an upsurge in private practice since themid-1980s, during a time of increasingly right wing governmentpolicies, and free market philosophies. These policies and philosophiesled to a radical restructuring of government and not-for-profitorganizations that employed social workers. Some workers respondedto the changes by seeking alternatives to organizational employment.Concurrently opportunities for private practice were createdby the availability of third party payments for counsellingof survivors of sexual abuse and parties to marital disputes.A similar pattern of confluence of expanding social work privatepractice and free market ideology has been noted in countriessuch as Great Britain and Australia. The implications of thismovement into private practice are considered in relation toprofessional social work associations.     

环境法的体系理念与法治主义的实质化

1993年制订的日本环境法,其保护对象存在着生活环境以及地球（自然）环境的二元性。本文从“法治主义”与其实质化的学说史出发,首先指出文中的“法治主义”是用于对比德国的“法治国家”与英国的“法支配”的概念,后两者是基于历史演化立足于现实制度而形成的历史性概念。其次,论及“法治国家”在从“形式上”向“实质上”的转换过程中,解释该转换是以确保基本人权的保障为目的,并将两者进行有机联系。再者,概观日本环境法的发展及其体系,环境基本法融合了公害对策立法与自然保护立法,同时环境基本法也是自然环境保护法的上位法。,最后,将其与围绕法治主义的学说史联系起来,透过环境法目的理论这一侧面的论证,谋求生活环境与地球（自然）环境的结合,寻获关于日本环境法政策上的新展望。     

Using administrative data to estimate population displacement and resettlement following a catastrophic U.S. disaster

After a large scale evacuation, authorities need to know the new and frequently changing population distributions in order to meet needs for housing, schools, health care, and other services. This paper reviews literature from the fields of demography and other disciplines to identify available administrative data sets that can form the basis of sound, relevant, and timely county-level population estimates following a catastrophic U.S. event. The most appropriate data to estimate population in damaged counties will be disaster-specific data such as housing damage estimates and FEMA applicant counts initially, and later electric accounts and USPS active residences. In heavily damaged counties, data on electric accounts and USPS active residences may not be consistently collected for many months, during which time sample surveys may be needed. For counties that receive an influx of population, school enrollment data provide the most appropriate basis for population estimates. Population estimates for large, heavily damaged counties are highly uncertain. Sensitivity analysis when using estimates for planning in these areas is recommended. The Census Bureau can build on this research by codifying recommendations to local authorities for developing frequent post-disaster population estimates.     

Eleven characters in search of an ethic,or the spirit of capitalism revisited

This fiction represents scenes from an imaginary MBA class's reaction to the showing of the Oliver Stone film, Wall Street, to explore different perspectives on the meanings of work and society in the light of Max Weber's pessimistic vision of the inexorable rise of capitalism. It is meant to end on an optimistic note.     

基于知识融合的水利工程硕士教育协同培养观

工程硕士教育是社会进步、时代发展、工程需要的产物,工程硕士的教育培养方法也必须紧跟社会需求。由于工程硕士主要来自于生产施工现场人员,有别于全日制的在校学生,对工程硕士协同各方资源进行知识融合教育显得尤为必要。     

The Initial Qualifications,Induction and In‐Service Needs of Education Social Workers in Wales1

This paper presents an analytical evaluation of the initial entry qualifications, induction and in‐service requirements of education welfare officers (EWO)/education social workers (ESW) in Wales. These data were obtained from a sponsored research project funded by the Welsh Assembly Government conducted on a pan‐Wales basis. The findings indicate that only five local education authorities (LEAs) in Wales presently require social work qualifications for entry to the service. A majority of staff in the remaining LEAs tend to hold low level qualifications. Whilst induction practices vary between LEAs, better and improved practice is beginning to emerge. Similarly, the in‐service needs of ESW/EWS staff are not normally analysed systematically. Therefore, a variety of different approaches are used within LEAs to meet the in‐service needs of education welfare/social work staff. Some examples of good practice are postulated. Recommendations to improve the induction, initial training and in‐service requirements of staff in Wales are made alongside the need for further research.