领导-部属交换与员工亲组织非伦理行为：差序格局视角

 亲组织非伦理行为是近年来组织管理学界日益关注的一种非伦理行为类型,但在实践中,因其亲组织性而容易被组织忽视或默许。已有研究证明,亲组织非伦理行为对组织的长远利益有害,而一些通常被认为对组织有益的概念(如伦理型领导和变革型领导)在一定条件下会促进员工的亲组织非伦理行为。但就整体而言,关于亲组织非伦理行为的影响因素和形成机制的研究仍相当匮乏。领导-部属交换在差序格局下的华人组织中广泛存在并具有丰富的文化内涵,可以对员工的行为产生重要的影响。因此,在以关系为导向的中国文化背景下,探讨领导-部属交换对员工亲组织非伦理行为的影响机制有其独特的理论价值和实践意义。        整合社会交换理论、社会认同理论和自我一致性理论,基于352份中国长三角地区本土企业的员工数据,运用层次回归分析法和总效应调节模型法,探讨差序格局视角下领导-部属交换对员工亲组织非伦理行为的影响,检验组织情感承诺的中介作用和道德认同的调节作用,从而揭示领导-部属交换影响员工亲组织非伦理行为的内在机制。        研究结果表明,领导-部属交换和组织情感承诺对员工亲组织非伦理行为均有显著正向影响;组织情感承诺在领导-部属交换与亲组织非伦理行为间起部分中介作用,且道德认同负向调节这种中介作用;道德认同负向调节组织情感承诺对亲组织非伦理行为的影响,但对领导-部属交换与亲组织非伦理行为之间的关系没有显著调节作用。        实证检验亲组织非伦理行为这一非伦理行为类型,拓展了非伦理行为相关研究;选取领导-部属交换作为切入点,探讨亲组织非伦理行为的形成机制,丰富了领导视角对员工亲组织非伦理行为的影响研究;提出并检验领导-部属交换、组织情感承诺与亲组织非伦理行为的正向关系,再次证明一些被认为是正面的因素也会促使员工采取非伦理行为,丰富了领导-部属交换与组织情感承诺的负面影响研究;探讨中国组织情景下的亲组织非伦理行为的形成机制,得出与西方研究不同的结论,即领导-部属交换对员工亲组织非伦理行为有直接显著影响,而员工的道德认同对此影响并没有显著的调节作用,反映了华人社会与西方社会对关系的认知差异。     

A Comparison of Pyramidal Staff Training and Direct Staff Training in Community-Based Day Programs

This study evaluated two methods of training staff who were working with individuals with developmental disabilities: pyramidal training and consultant-led training. In the pyramidal training, supervisors were trained in the principles of applied behavior analysis (ABA) and in delivering feedback. The supervisors then trained their direct-care staff and, subsequently, provided ongoing performance feedback. In the consultant-led training, the direct-care staff was trained in the principles of ABA. Both groups learned similar amounts of knowledge of ABA principles, but pyramidal training was more effective in teaching staff to use correct teaching procedures with consumers. In addition, the pyramidal training group maintained the improvement in their teaching procedures at a 3-month follow up, while the consultant-led training group's performance declined.     

Extending the Foundations and Reach of Design Science: Further Reflections on the Role of Critical Realism

In his commentary on our proposal to reframe the relevance of business and management research by combining design science with critical realism (Hodgkinson and Starkey, British Journal of Management, 22 (2011), pp. 355–369), Willmott (British Journal of Management, 23 (2012), pp. 598–604) commends us for our advocacy of a social science as opposed to professional school agenda, while admonishing us for seeking to underpin the commended design science ethos with critical realism, on the grounds of ontological inconsistency and the risk of diminishing the emancipatory elements of our social usefulness agenda. In reply, we demonstrate how, in highlighting the interplay of multiple generative mechanisms within and between levels of analysis, critical realism is entirely commensurate with the design science approach advocated, and enriches rather than diminishes our overarching agenda to humanize the workplace.     

7 ways to save primary care

Learn why a renewal of primary care could help save the U.S. healthcare system. Take a look at seven suggestions tosave primary care.     

A note on the distribution of mean square error of forecasting

Simulation has been a very important and widely used method in the study of misspecification or order determination in time series analysis. Mean square error of forecasting (MSEF) has been a major criterion for comparing the performance of different models. In simulation studies, standard deviations of MSEF's are calculated from the computed values of the MSEF's, In this note, the distribution of MSEF from simulation studies is established. Exact variance of the MSEF can be obtained from the prespecified values of the model selected for simulation. This variance should be a more appropriate criterion for evaluating the performance between models.     

国际汉语教师的培训与开发系统设计

国际汉语教师具有良好的汉语国际教育专业知识和中华文化传播力,但教师在相关的能力培训与潜力开发上仍具有很大空间。本文从国际汉语教师的培训与开发理论、培训与开发系统和发展前景等方面来进行探讨,以汉语二语教学核心要素与人力资源管理学的相关理论作为本文论证的支撑点。通过对国际汉语教师培训与开发系统设计这一问题的分析,以期能够研究出具有可操作性的、旨在提升国际汉语教师能力的培训与开发体系,力图用富有战略性和创新性的视角去阐释国际汉语教师培训与开发的有效模式。     

Collegiate Recovery Communities Programs: What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Know?

As the broad construct of recovery increasingly guides addiction services and policy, federal agencies have called for the expansion of peer-driven recovery support services. The high prevalence of substance use and abuse in colleges and universities in the United States constitutes a significant obstacle to pursuing an education for the unknown number of youths who have attained remission from substance use dependence. Collegiate recovery programs (CRPs) are an innovative and growing model of peer-driven recovery support delivered on college campuses. Although no systematic research has examined CRPs, available site-level records suggest encouraging outcomes: low relapse rates and above-average academic achievement. The number of CRPs nationwide is growing, but there is a noticeable lack of data on the model, its students, and their outcomes. We review the literature supporting the need for the expansion of CRPs, present information on the diversity of CRP services, and outline key areas where research is needed.     

The Extraction of Nonverbal Behaviors: Using Video Images and Speech-Signal Analysis in Dyadic Conversation

This study examined the validity and possible utility of a new procedure for the extraction of nonverbal behaviors from dyadic conversation. Three methods were used to extract nonverbal behaviors (i.e., hand gestures, adaptors, and utterances). A novel automated method employing video images and speech-signal analysis software programs was compared to the more traditional coding and behavioral rating methods. The automated and coding methods provided an objective count of how many times a target behavior occurred, while behavioral ratings were based on more subjective impressions. Although there was no difference between the automated and coding methods for hand gestures, the coding method using an event recorder yielded marginally significantly more instances of adaptors and utterances as compared to the software programs. Measures of each nonverbal behavior were positively correlated across the different methods. In addition, interpersonal impressions of each speaker were rated by both observers and conversational partners. Although R ² was lower than for the coding/behavioral rating methods, nonverbal behaviors extracted using the software programs significantly predicted familiarity and activeness ratings from both observer and partner points of view. These results support the validity and possible utility of the software-based automated extraction procedure.     

The Importance of Freedom in the East and the West Over Time: A Meta-analytic Study of Predictors of Well-Being

We examined whether sense of freedom is an important predictor of well-being, as compared to other typical predictors, across different periods in modern times (1981–2011), and in the East and the West. We applied a meta-analytical approach to the results of a series of multiple regression analyses conducted on six individual waves of Japanese data sets and five individual waves of American data sets from the World Values Survey. The final sample comprised 6389 Japanese and 6176 American respondents during all study periods. The main findings were that sense of freedom was one of the strongest predictors of life satisfaction (a) among several predictors (i.e., health condition, household income, marital status), (b) consistently across waves, and (c) in both Japan and the United States, as typical collectivistic Eastern and individualistic Western countries. We conclude that the greater importance of sense of freedom in ensuring well-being than other typical predictors is applicable to individuals across time and cultures.