Consumption Over the Life Cycle

This paper estimates a structural model of optimal life‐cycle consumption expenditures in the presence of realistic labor income uncertainty. We employ synthetic cohort techniques and Consumer Expenditure Survey data to construct average age‐profiles of consumption and income over the working lives of typical households across different education and occupation groups. The model fits the profiles quite well. In addition to providing reasonable estimates of the discount rate and risk aversion, we find that consumer behavior changes strikingly over the life cycle. Young consumers behave as buffer‐stock agents. Around age 40, the typical household starts accumulating liquid assets for retirement and its behavior mimics more closely that of a certainty equivalent consumer. Our methodology provides a natural decomposition of saving and wealth into its precautionary and life‐cycle components.     

A Longitudinal Analysis of Adolescent Substance Use and School Motivation Among African American Youth

Cross‐sectional research has shown a link between adolescent substance use and educational motivation. The purpose of the current study was to examine this link in a longitudinal sample of African American youth. The study examined the interrelationships between alcohol and both marijuana use and school motivation over the high school years and their effect on graduation in 681 African American adolescents (50.8% female). School motivation was shown to relate to subsequent alcohol use throughout high school and marijuana use early in high school. School motivation did not affect graduation status, but alcohol and marijuana use were related to a lower likelihood of graduating from high school. Some gender differences and differences among those who had tried alcohol or marijuana at the first wave as opposed to those who had not tried each substance were found. The findings support a systems model where school experiences can affect substance use, which, in turn, can affect the completion of high school.     

国外发展规划立法例研究及对我国立法的启示

随着我国经济、社会的不断发展和科学发展观的实践要求,发展规划在指导和规划经济社会活动中的作用越来越重要.它不仅表明了政府活动的方向以及所要达到的目标、效果,而且引导和指导行政相对人的预期和行为,合理配置社会资源,从而减少市场经济的盲目性.本文以德国、美国等发达国家为研究对象,讨论其规划体系的权力架构、权限范围、规划机构设置等内容,并根据我国政经体制和国情特点,提出对建立和完善我国发展规划立法可资借鉴之处.     

从《周易·比卦》看比较文学的基本原理

<周易·比卦>涉及亲比的多个方面,长期以来被奉为安邦定国和人际交往的重要准则.其智慧对发展中的中国比较文学学科具有重要的启迪作用.<周易·比卦>在比较文学的研究意义、研究主体、研究客体以及研究视域等四个方面为中国的比较文学学科建设提供了一个很好的参照体系.以比得吉,真诚友善,保持根本,广纳博采,既是比卦的核心所在,也是比较文学的根本所指.     

托妮·莫里森小说中的自然和女性形象

从生态女性主义的视角解读托妮·莫里森作品中的自然和女性形象,可以使我们充分感受到她对自然和女性的关注和同情,更加深切地体会西方"父权制"文化对自然和女性的双重压迫,有助于引导我们积极建构人与自然、人与人之间关爱友善、互利互惠的和谐关系.     

论WTO争端解决机制中的赔偿

作为WTO争端解决机制中赔偿救济的两种主要形式,贸易赔偿和货币赔偿都具有临时性、自愿性和非强制性、符合性、优先性、预期性的特点。贸易赔偿和货币赔偿各有利弊,同时二者存在一定的互补性。为了使WTO争端解决机制中的赔偿救济更具可行性和有效性,应在WTO《争端解决规则和程序谅解书》中明确货币赔偿的形式,保留赔偿的自愿性和非强制性;同时引入保障货币赔偿执行的赔偿基金制度。     

提高“计量经济学”课程教学效果的几点思考

“计量经济学”作为我国高校经济类专业的核心主干课程,在过去30年中取得了较大的发展。然而,纵观目前的教学状况,“计量经济学”课程教学还存在一些问题亟待解决。在总结“计量经济学”教学经验的基础上,提出并深入地分析了教学中存在的主要问题,并从多方面探索了“计量经济学”教学模式改革与创新的思路,以期提高“计量经济学”课程的教学实效。     

当代高职院校教学督导评价指标体系研究

高职教学监督质量直接关系高职人才培养质量,基于新时代职业教育改革的深入推进,工匠型人才培养必须要以健全的教学督导评价体系作为支撑.教学督导评价指标是教学督导评价体系的核心因素,因此高职教学督导评价指标体系的构建必须落实到立德树人根本任务上.基于"十四五"规划要求,高职教学督导评价具有内在发展逻辑,暴露出当代高职教学督导...     

基于构式语法视角的英汉存在句对比研究

存在构式是语言学中普遍的语言现象,本文选取了构式语法理论作为理论基础,对英汉存在句的构式进行对比 分析,以挖掘二者的本质差异。研究结果发现:①句首部分方面,英语存在构式由there引导,有固定的形式、意义及位置,且 there?仅作主语,而非主题;汉语存在构式中句首部分则由方位短语或时间短语引导,形式、意义非固定但位置固定,且句首短 语既是主语又是主题。②动词方面,英语存在构式中的动词作为必备要素出现,而汉语中动词存在的必要性则取决于不同的 语境条件,若一旦出现,将直接决定构式的动态或静态属性,作用至关重要