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31.
In the search for the best of n candidates, two-stage procedures of the following type are in common use. In a first stage, weak candidates are removed, and the subset of promising candidates is then further examined. At a second stage, the best of the candidates in the subset is selected. In this article, optimization is not aimed at the parameter with largest value but rather at the best performance of the selected candidates at Stage 2. Under a normal model, a new procedure based on posterior percentiles is derived using a Bayes approach, where nonsymmetric normal (proper and improper) priors are applied. Comparisons are made with two other procedures frequently used in selection decisions. The three procedures and their performances are illustrated with data from a recent recruitment process at a Midwestern university. 相似文献
32.
Ana L. ABELIANSKY Eda ALGUR David E. BLOOM Klaus PRETTNER 《Revue Internationale du Travail》2020,159(3):315-338
Les auteurs s'interrogent sur le nombre des emplois qu'il conviendra de créer demain pour répondre aux besoins engendrés par l'évolution démographique, économique et technologique. Ils font le calcul pour la période 2020-2030, en se fondant sur des projections de croissance démographique et de taux d'activité et en fixant des taux de chômage cibles. Les résultats sont ventilés par âge et par sexe. Les auteurs tiennent compte également de l'influence du niveau de revenu du pays et de l'automatisation. D'après leurs projections, les besoins de création d'emplois atteindront 340 millions en 2020-2030, et ils seront imputables à l'évolution démographique bien plus qu'à l'automatisation. 相似文献
33.
Martin F. Hellwig Klaus M. Schmidt 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2002,70(6):2225-2264
This paper studies the relation between discrete–time and continuous–time principal–agent models. We derive the continuous–time model as a limit of discrete–time models with ever shorter periods and show that optimal incentive schemes in the discrete–time models approximate the optimal incentive scheme in the continuous model, which is linear in accounts. Under the additional assumption that the principal observes only cumulative total profits at the end and the agent can destroy profits unnoticed, an incentive scheme that is linear in total profits is shown to be approximately optimal in the discrete–time model when the length of the period is small. 相似文献
34.
The importance of repeat and circular migration starts receiving rising recognition. The paper studies this behavior by analyzing
the number of exits and the total number of years away from the host country using count data models and panel data from the
German guestworker experience. Beyond the myth, more than 60% of migrants in the sample from the guestworker countries living
in Germany are indeed repeat or circular migrants. Migrants from European Union member countries, those not owning a dwelling
in Germany, the younger and the older (excluding the middle-aged), are significantly more likely to engage in repeat migration
and to stay out for longer. Males and those migrants with German passports exit more frequently, while those with higher education
exit less; there are no differences with time spent out. Migrants with family in the home country remain out longer, and those
closely attached to the labor market remain less; they are not leaving the country more frequently. 相似文献
35.
Klaus Deininger John Okidi 《Development policy review : the journal of the Overseas Development Institute》2003,21(4):481-509
To explore factors underlying growth and poverty reduction in Africa while overcoming some of the limitations of cross‐country analysis, this article uses micro‐level survey and panel‐data evidence from Uganda spanning 1992–2000. The high elasticity of both income growth and poverty reduction with respect to agricultural output (coffee) prices confirms the benefits from Uganda's decisive liberalisation of output markets. It also suggests the importance of product diversification to protect the poor against price shocks and the potential of cotton‐market improvements in tackling persistent poverty in the North. The importance of improving access to basic education and health care emerges more clearly than in cross‐country analysis, but benefits depend on complementary investments in electricity and other infrastructure, and reductions in civil strife. 相似文献
36.
Dr. Klaus Geissdörfer Prof. Dr. Ronald Gleich Prof. Dr. Andreas Wald 《Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft》2009,79(6):693-715
Tremendous increases in indirect costs can be found in many industries. Consequently, life cycle cost analysis models are getting more important in strategic cost management. However, existing models differ significantly from each other as they have been developed mainly for specific applications. In order to enable a common use of those models, a standardization of these models is required. We examine the potentials of standardizing models for life cycle cost analysis. In a first step, requirements regarding a standard model are derived from literature. As a second step, existing approaches found in literature are compared to the afore derived demands and it is analyzed to what extent they match the standardization requirements. Based on this comparison, we identify and discuss avenues for further research. 相似文献
37.
Klaus Desmet Shlomo Weber Ignacio Ortuo‐Ortín 《Journal of the European Economic Association》2009,7(6):1291-1318
This paper investigates the effect of linguistic diversity on redistribution in a broad cross‐section of countries. We use the notion of “linguistic distances” and show that the commonly used fractionalization index, which ignores linguistic distances, yields insignificant results. However, once distances between languages are accounted for, linguistic diversity has both a statistically and economically significant effect on redistribution. With an average level of redistribution of 9.5% of GDP in our data set, an increase byone standard deviation in the degree of diversity lowers redistribution by approximately one percentage point. We also demonstrate that other measures, such as polarization and peripheral heterogeneity, provide similar results when linguistic distances are incorporated. (JEL: D6, D74, H5, Z10) 相似文献
38.
39.
Klaus Plonien 《National Identities》2013,15(1):81-86
This article demonstrates that American national identity is symbolic, subjective and ambiguous to the extent that it encapsulates senses of both similarity and difference. Citing evidence from life-history interviews with American military veterans from different ethnic groups, the article shows how some Americans can identify with being racially excluded and still share in a sense of national belonging. It is argued here that this feature is and has always been embedded in the processes of American national identification. In making this argument, this article rejects Ramsey Cook's notion that achieving a sense of similarity between universal and particular interests within a national community is hallmark of postnationalism. 相似文献
40.
Population aging and endogenous economic growth 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Klaus Prettner 《Journal of population economics》2013,26(2):811-834
We investigate the consequences of population aging for long-run economic growth perspectives. Our framework incorporates endogenous growth models and semi-endogenous growth models as special cases. We show that (1) increases in longevity have a positive impact on per capita output growth, (2) decreases in fertility have a negative impact on per capita output growth, (3) the positive longevity effect dominates the negative fertility effect in case of the endogenous growth framework, and (4) population aging fosters long-run growth in the endogenous growth framework, while its effect depends on the relative change between fertility and mortality in the semi-endogenous growth framework. 相似文献