Issuing and Responding to Unusual Questions: A Conversation Analytic Account of Tom Andersen's Therapeutic Practice

Tom Andersen is considered one of the key contributors to the development of postmodern practice. Little is known, however, about the ways in which his ideas and practices are routinely carried out in situ. We used Conversation Analysis (CA) to investigate a session of couple therapy facilitated by Andersen. We show how Andersen and client participants oriented to and addressed problems of understanding that occurred between them. The source of this trouble was Andersen's use of unusual question formulations. We offer preliminary evidence that such unusual formulations served particular interactional and institutional (i.e., therapeutic) functions in their local contexts of use. We conclude by considering some implications of this analysis—and of conversation analytic inquiry more generally—for the practice of family therapy.     

Defining Social Inclusion for Children with Disabilities: A Critical Literature Review

Social inclusion is a complex and often misunderstood concept. For children with disabilities, research has documented the degree of loneliness, bullying and exclusion they often experience in their social lives. This paper presents the findings of a critical literature review on the social inclusion of children with disabilities. Study methods comprised rigorous criteria for study selection followed by established protocols for evaluating studies. Reputable rating scales were used to examine peer‐reviewed research published within the last 10 years. Fifty‐four studies were analyzed for essential themes. Findings reflect a broad range of stakeholder perspectives and factors that promote or inhibit social inclusion, including child‐specific variables as well as environmental influences. Additional research should focus on the perspectives and experiences of children in inclusive settings, particularly those with disabilities, as a means of safeguarding their future social and emotional well‐being.     

Parental divorce, sibship size, family resources, and children’s academic performance

Using data from 19,839 adolescents from the National Education Longitudinal Study, this study investigates whether the effects of parental divorce on adolescents’ academic test performance vary by sibship size. Analyses show that the negative effect of divorce on adolescent performance attenuates as sibship size increases. On the other side of the interaction, the inverse relationship between sibship size and test performance is weaker in disrupted than in two-biological-parent families. Trends of such interactions are evident when sibship size is examined either as a continuous or a categorical measure. Finally, the observed interactions on adolescents’ academic performance are completely explained by variations in parental financial, human, cultural, and social resources. In sum, this study underlines the importance of treating the effect of parental divorce as a variable and calls for more research to identify child and family features that may change the magnitude of such an effect.     

他者的反叛——林语堂与萨义德对超越西方中心主义不同途径的选择

林语堂与萨义德在反对西方中心主义的立场上是一致的,他们对西方中心主义的分析诊断却有所不同。尽管二人都看到了西方中心主义的根源在本质主义,但两个人对救治方案的选择又有不同。林语堂的方案是对本质主义进行改造,重新讨论人之为人的价值标准。林语堂选用了孟子的标准,就是四心。萨义德选择的方案是解构式的,批判了本质主义的民族身份观念,而倡导建立对话性的、多变的民族身份观念。他对人文主义进行了重新界定,认为人文主义不是恪守着那个精英的标准,拒绝新事物,拒绝其他文化,而是不断与其他文化交往对话的过程,不断创新的过程。他们的设想对于我们今天解决东西方关系中的不平等和扭曲、偏见等问题仍有重要启示。我们面对的是一个多民族参与对话的动态过程,一个谈判、协商的过程。它接近于萨义德所说的人文主义,但在价值标准和价值取向层面上,它接近于林语堂对"人性"的追问。     

儒家“中庸之道”生态伦理原则的现代诠释

中国文化传统中的中庸伦理思想,包含着非常丰富的生态伦理思想,其主要特征在于推崇中和,中和的天道观是其中庸伦理思想的出发点乃至归宿。人的实践活动要符合自然规律的思想反映了极其浓厚的生态伦理的情怀。本文拟就中国传统儒家"中庸"伦理思想进行分析,认为中庸伦理存在着三大生态伦理原则:即"天人合一"的生态伦理根本原则;"应时而中"的生态伦理应用原则;"惜生及民、惜人及物"的普遍关怀的生态伦理的情感原则。     

比较与融合:马克思主义哲学中国化的有效途径

与各种形式的哲学观点展开直接的对话交流,是当代中国马克思主义哲学发展过程中一个不可回避的现实境遇和路径选择。从我国改革开放和现代化建设的具体实践出发,着眼于世界历史变革和未来发展,以马克思主义哲学批判性思维为工具,分析比较中国哲学、西方哲学产生的不同文化背景、致思特点和理论旨趣,大胆地吸收借鉴其中所蕴藏的合理因素和思想营养,必将丰富充实马克思主义哲学的理论宝库,从而推进马克思主义哲学中国化的伟大历史进程。     

中国农村公共服务评价体系研究

农村公共服务水平低下和不平衡是导致城乡差距日益扩大的重要影响因素之一。本文试图构建农村公共服务发展状况评价指标体系,并基于2006年的数据进行实证研究,给出了研究结果的进一步分析评价。     

中美石油安全水平对经济增长影响的对比研究——基于灰色关联分析

为科学地评价比较中美石油安全水平对经济增长的影响程度,文章采用主成分分析方法,选取采储比水平、储量接替率、消费弹性系数、原油价格波动系数、对外依存度和石油占一次能源消费比重等6个要素指标,构成一个新的石油安全指标评价体系,并利用灰色关联方法比较分析了不同时间段内中美两国的石油安全水平与经济增长之间的关联度,得出自21世纪以来,美国经济发展对石油安全水平的依赖程度要远大于中国的结论。     

Shrinkage inverse regression estimation for model-free variable selection

Summary.  The family of inverse regression estimators that was recently proposed by Cook and Ni has proven effective in dimension reduction by transforming the high dimensional predictor vector to its low dimensional projections. We propose a general shrinkage estimation strategy for the entire inverse regression estimation family that is capable of simultaneous dimension reduction and variable selection. We demonstrate that the new estimators achieve consistency in variable selection without requiring any traditional model, meanwhile retaining the root n estimation consistency of the dimension reduction basis. We also show the effectiveness of the new estimators through both simulation and real data analysis.     

社会再适应、参与式重建与反脆弱性发展——汶川地震灾后重建启示录

从受灾群体的主位角度来说,汶川地震的主要危害在于,它迫使受灾群体在极短的时间内遭受了一系列社会生活的剧烈变动,从而导致了受灾群体原有社会关系被破坏.从这个意义上讲,灾后重建是受灾群体进行社会再适应的过程,其核心内容是社会关系的重建.因此,灾后重建必须凸显和实现受灾群体的主体性价值,亦即受灾群体必须以主体的身份参与灾后重建,在参与式重建中实现社会关系的重建和社会再适应.而灾后重建的最终目标,不仅在于修复因地震所致的破坏,恢复到震前的社会生活状态和社会经济秩序,更重要的是着眼于未来,实现受灾地区的反脆弱性发展.