"儿化"的语素形位学研究

"儿化"是现代汉语中的一个重要语音现象,这种语音现象在汉语语音系统中如何处理存在较大分歧。"儿化"既可以放在语音层面上,也可放在语法层面上处理。我们认为"儿化"现象是"儿"作为一个语法语素在语流中的不同语音变化形式,从语素形位学的角度来说,"儿"是一个形位,是一个语法语素在语流音变中形成的功能聚合单位。语素在语流中发生的语音变化可以分为线性和非线性两种。"儿化"这种减缩变化属于非线性语音变化,不能使用"切分"的方法,只能使用综合概括法,通过有规则的共时语音和语义变化,确立语素"儿"的形位{ },这样处理有利于实现现代汉语语音系统的简洁性、系统性和科学性,也有利于现代汉语语法特别是构词法的研究。     

小型制造业信息化发展模式的研究

该文简述了世界制造业面临的挑战及其信息系统的发展 ,提出了我国小型制造业信息化的目的 ,并分析了小型制造业信息化面临的困难。最后提出了小型制造业信息化的群落合作发展模式。在这种模式中 ,一个企业群落应建立包括群落层和企业层的两层式信息系统。为实现群落合作发展模式 ,在每个小型制造业的群落里 ,应建立一个从事信息系统开发和进行信息服务的IT性质的企业实体来实施群落两层信息系统的建设和运行 ,这个IT性质的企业与信息系统共生存 ,为群落中的企业提供全天候的信息服务 ,特别是在条件成熟时为各个企业的信息系统添加新的功能。     

国际反垄断法对国家垄断的规制探讨

国家垄断是国际反垄断法的重要调整对象之一。为协调国际经济秩序与国家经济利益的关系，国际反垄断法既要对妨害国际公平竞争的国家垄断予以限制，也要对一些特定行业、特定情形和特定国家的国家垄断予以豁免。     

Unresolved Conflicts in the Regional Security System: The Case of the South Caucasus

The collapse of the USSR was accompanied by transformation of the South Caucasian latent ethnopolitical conflicts into local wars. Today the situation in the area of the conflicts is “neither war, nor peace”. Three unresolved conflicts of the South Caucasus can be considered as one of the most serious obstacles for establishing a regional security system.The article gives the general characteristics of these conflicts, the trends of their development, taking into account the time factor, and analyzes the behavioral models of the main players – de jure recognized and unrecognized de facto states of the South Caucasus. The basic objective of the main players should be to keep the situation on a level preventing the resumption of the armed conflicts. The attempts of forced resolution of the conflicts are fraught with destabilization of the situation not only in the area of any of these conflicts but in the whole region.     

Generalized quasi-likelihood

The quasi-score function, as defined by Wedderburn (1974) and McCullagh (1983) and so on, is a linear function of observations. The generalized quasi-score function introduced in this paper is a linear function of some unbiased basis functions, where the unbiased basis functions may be some linear functions of the observations or not, and can be easily constructed by the meaning of the parameters such as mean and median and so on. The generalized quasi-likelihood estimate obtained by such a generalized quasi-score function is consistent and has an asymptotically normal distribution. As a result, the optimum generalized quasi-score is obtained and a method to construct the optimum unbiased basis function is introduced. In order to construct the potential function, a conservative generalized estimating function is defined. By conservative, a potential function for the projected score has many properties of a log-likelihood function. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results. This paper is supported by NNSF project (10371059) of China and Youth Teacher Foundation of Nankai University.     

Ideas versus ideology: The origins of modern labor economics

Starting with its early twentieth century origins, the development of Labor Economics is traced to the present. We describe an intellectual revolution in which an earlier tra-dition that focused primarily on the institution of the labor union has been replaced by a perspective that emphasizes the various roles played by labor markets in an eco-nomic system. That earlier tradition contained very significant ideological elements, whereas its successor deals much more with the world of ideas. In the course of the debate, which still continues, ideas triumphed over ideology and created modern Labor Economics.     

Flipping and ex post aggregation

We show that Bayesian ex post aggregation is unstable with respect to refinements. Suppose a group of Bayesians use ex post aggregation. Since it is a joint problem, each agent's problem is captured by the same model, but probabilities and utilities may vary. If they analyze the same situation in more detail, their refined analysis should preserve their preferences among acts. However, ex post aggregation could bring about a preference reversal on the group level. Ex post aggregation thus depends on how much information is used and may keep oscillating (“flipping”) as one keeps adding more information. Received: 16 April 2002/Accepted: 27 May 2002