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41.
The mean residual life of a non negative random variable X with a finite mean is defined by M(t) = E[X ? t|X > t] for t ? 0. One model of aging is the decreasing mean residual life (DMRL): M is decreasing (non increasing) in time. It vastly generalizes the more stringent model of increasing failure rate (IFR). The exponential distribution lies at the boundary of both of these classes. There is a large literature on testing exponentiality against DMRL alternatives which are all of the integral type. Because most parametric families of DMRL distributions are IFR, their relative merits have been compared only at some IFR alternatives. We introduce a new Kolmogorov–Smirnov type sup-test and derive its asymptotic properties. We compare the powers of this test with some integral tests by simulations using a class of DMRL, but not IFR alternatives, as well as some popular IFR alternatives. The results show that the sup-test is much more powerful than the integral tests in all cases. 相似文献
42.
Leonardo Becchetti Lorenzo Semplici Michele Tridente 《Social indicators research》2018,140(1):393-433
We investigated, using an ad hoc questionnaire, a sample of Italian respondents’ opinions on different corporate responsibility (CR) items typically used by CR rating agencies. The hypotheses that equal average value weights are given to different CR items and equal variance (which we consider a proxy for the inverse of consensus on the importance of an indicator) were strongly rejected by our data, both in our overall survey sample and in more homogeneous subsamples based on gender, age, education, and religious beliefs. More specifically, we found that top environmental (renewable energy) and labor (heath and safety on the job) items had significantly higher scores than customer satisfaction, corporate governance, and animal testing items. We as well often reject the hypothesis that value weights for the same CR item are the same across different subpopulations in gender subsamples, because women attributed significantly higher weights than men to many CR items when we not corrected for young respondents’ oversampling. 相似文献
43.
Marta Bordignon Lisa Corsi Diego De Gasperis Beibei Liu Karolina Lukasiewicz Lorenzo Miccoli Zhonghui Qian 《Transition Studies Review》2009,16(2):379-387
This paper has been developed in the framework of a larger research program, in which the University of Rome “Tor Vergata”,
Tsinghua University and Yangzhou University are jointly involved to study and preserve historic towers. Cultural heritage
is the intangible and tangible attributes of a society, including the natural heritage, that are inherited from past generations,
preserved in the present and granted for the next generations. Nowadays we consider the cultural heritage as a world heritage
belonging to all the people of the world, irrespective on which territory they are located. This paper presents a model and
a methodological hypothesis to conserve cultural heritage in a sustainable way throughout the case study of Sichuan Towers
(China) that could become an example for other cultural sites around the world, connecting the environmental and socio-economical
aspect to the tourism development.
相似文献
44.
Line-intercept sampling (Becker, 1991) and network sampling (Becker et al., 1998) seem to be the most appropriate procedures
for estimating animal abundance in a study area on the basis of tracks. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the statistical
properties of these alternative procedures by constructing confidence intervals for abundance and comparing the interval performances
in terms of width and coverage. 相似文献
45.
46.
There exist an increasing number of studies that demonstrate the necessity to evaluate the processes which characterize a program and guarantee its implementation and evaluation. This paper deals with the implementation of a program designed to improve the acculturation of immigrant families in Spain (EU). Implementation followed a process that has proved successful in other settings, but is being applied here for the first time. Qualitative and quantitative measures are employed to assess each stage of implementation, with a particular emphasis on fidelity to program design. The intent was to guide effective revision of the program, and to establish it in a form that can be implemented on a larger scale. 相似文献
47.
The mean residual life of a non negative random variable X with a finite mean is defined by M(t) = E[X ? t|X > t] for t ? 0. A popular nonparametric model of aging is new better than used in expectation (NBUE), when M(t) ? M(0) for all t ? 0. The exponential distribution lies at the boundary. There is a large literature on testing exponentiality against NBUE alternatives. However, comparisons of tests have been made only for alternatives much stronger than NBUE. We show that a new Kolmogorov-Smirnov type test is much more powerful than its competitors in most cases. 相似文献
48.
María Lameiras Fernández Yolanda Rodríguez Castro Manuel González Lorenzo 《Social indicators research》2004,66(3):197-211
The aim of this research is toevaluate the evolution of ambivalent sexismtoward women (ASI: Ambivalent Sexism Inventory,Glick and Fiske, 1996) and men (AMI: Acttitudetoward Men Inventory; Glick and Fiske, 1999)with a Spanish sample between 18–65 years ofage (n = 1003). The results show that sexistattitudes toward women and men are conditionedin different ways according to sex and age.Women as well as men have a more hostileattitude towards the opposite sex; but men havebenevolent attitudes toward both men and women.Moreover, there are similarities between thesexes in relation to their benevolent attitudestoward men. It is very interesting to point outthat below the age range of 38–42, there arefewer sexist attitudes and there are significantdifferences between the sexes about sexistattitudes toward women. We conclude that inorder to explain the evolution of sexistattitudes toward men and women, we must takeinto account not only generational changes butalso cultural and historical changes. 相似文献
49.
Lorenzo Escot José Andrés Fernández-Cornejo Carlos Poza 《Population research and policy review》2014,33(3):419-453
This article investigates, for the case of Spain, to what extent the introduction in March 2007 of a non-transferable 13-day paternity leave has encouraged men to make greater use of childbirth leave. Data were drawn from the Spanish Economically Active Population Survey, covering the period 2005–2009. We use a natural experiment approach, comparing the behavior of wage earners fathers with children of less than 1 year of age before and after the reform and using mothers as control group. After estimating a difference-in-differences logistic regression model we obtain statistical evidence that there is a higher percentage of males on leave in the reference week in the post-reform period (after 2007). The article also analyzes some of the personal and socio-economic determinants of the fathers’ use of childbirth leave. Fathers are more likely to be on leave if they have stability in employment, if there are facilities for reconciling work and family life (working in the public sector) and if the partner is employed. The father’s age has an interesting U-shaped influence. 相似文献
50.
Abstract Employee organizational identification has been proposed and found to be positively related to employee health and well-being. The empirical evidence, however, is not unequivocal, and some authors have suggested possible downsides of identification with the organization as a whole or with a group within it. The potential negative effect of over-identification was tested empirically for the first time in the present paper. Two studies were conducted; Study 1 was cross-sectional and used a sample of Italian law court clerks (N=195) and Study 2 was longitudinal and employed a sample of Italian teachers (N=140 at T2). We proposed a curvilinear mediation model with identification curvilinearly predicting workaholism, and workaholism, in turn, negatively affecting employee well-being. This curvilinear link between organizational identification and workaholism means that workaholism at first decreases with growing identification, but when identification becomes too strong, workaholism increases. The results confirmed our hypotheses, and we discuss theoretical and practical implications. 相似文献