RETAIL REDLINING: ARE GASOLINE PRICES HIGHER IN POOR AND MINORITY NEIGHBORHOODS?

This study uses new data on retail gasoline prices in three cities to provide evidence on the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and consumer prices. We find that prices do not vary greatly with neighborhood racial composition, but that prices are higher in poor neighborhoods. For a 10% point increase in poor families relative to middle‐upper income families, retail gasoline prices increase by an average of 0.70%. Two‐thirds of this differential is explained by cost, competition, and demand characteristics of poor neighborhoods. The remaining differential likely reflects price discrimination in response to lower competition and/or more inelastic demand in poor neighborhoods. (JEL D43, J15, L71)     

女性之夜(英文)

"Ladies' Night"是一些酒吧和俱乐部举行的优惠活动,每周定期有一天为女性提供消费优惠。     

The Allocation of Male and Female Occupational Prestige in an Ontario Urban Area: A Quarter‐Century Replication*

Une étude de 1975 portant sur L'évaluation du prestige des titres de profession spécifiés comme détenus par un homme ou une femme a été répétée en 2000. Les deux enquêtes ont été conduites à Kitchener‐Waterloo en Ontario. Alors que les données de 1975 accordaient un avantage de cinq points en moyenne aux hommes sur les femmes, ce fossé des sexes a disparu en 2000. Dans les postes où le travail est plus axé sur les personnes, les femmes se voient maintenant accorder un plus haut prestige que les hommes. L'article fait référence à la manière dont ces changements sociaux sont liés au cours du dernier quart de siècle à une convergence dans L'identification sexuelle des professions. Les sources de variation dans les évaluations de L'échantillonnage de 2000 sont analysées et considérées comme minimes quoique les répondants ayant un plus haut degré d'éducation classent toutes les professions légèrement à la baisse. A 1975 study on the evaluation of the prestige of occupational titles specified as held by a man or a woman was replicated in 2000. Both surveys were collected in Kitchener‐Waterloo, Ontario. While the 1975 data revealed an average five‐point advantage to men over women, this gender gap had disappeared by the year 2000. In more people‐oriented work, women are now accorded higher prestige than men. The paper refers to how these social changes are linked with convergence over the quarter century in the sex typing of occupations. Sources of variation in ratings within the 2000 sample are examined and found to be minimal, although more highly educated respondents grade all occupations slightly on the low side.     

Bibliotherapy in Social Work

Summary Bibliotherapy literally means the therapeutic use of literature.Many people will have experienced the power of literature orother art forms to offer new insight, to provide sources ofidentification, to stir the emotions, and to release feelings.In line with its current usage bibliotherapy can be broadlydefined as a technique whereby the worker seeks to utilise theseinteractive processes therapeutically so that those experiencingthe literature or other form of media can be helped towardspreventative, remedial and/or developmental goals. The literaturecan be either imaginative or didactic. It is the contentionof this article that Bibliotherapy is a useful additional toolfor social workers that can be used at the individual and grouplevel with both children and adults. Illustrations are takenfrom the ‘Wednesday Group’ which was set up by theauthor for elderly depressed patients using a bibliotherapeuticapproach, as well as from the wider literature on Bibliotherapy.     

Stability and change in living arrangements in Indonesia,Singapore, and Taiwan, 1993-99

We use longitudinal data from Indonesia, Singapore, and Taiwan to examine stability and change in the co-residence of older adults and their children. Longitudinal data support the analysis of transitions in living arrangements. We focus on how life-cycle characteristics of older adults and their children are related to co-residence at a point in time, to maintaining co-residence over time, and to transitions into and out of co-residence. We find that many of the characteristics found to be associated with co-residence at baseline interviews exhibit an even stronger association with continued co-residence over time. While some of the results support the interpretation that co-residence provides support for parents as they age, the needs of children also play an important role in the decision to co-reside.     

AGRARIAN PROTEST IN ALBERTA

Le but de cette recherche est de démontrer les liens directs entre I'activité de protestation des fermiers individus de l'Alberta et le mécontentement économique, les croyances populaires et l'aliénation politique. Le présent rapport de ces trois thèmes prééminents dans les récits des mouvements agraires des prairies canadiennes avant 1950 - le mécontentement économique, les croyances populaires et I'alienation politique découle des structures contemporaines de l'agriculture. Plus précisement, on prétend que les structures de I'agriculture d'aujourd'hui facilitent au même niveau I'activité de protestation. Des analyses statistiques de données recueillies sur 133 fermiers de I'Alberta en 1974 rapportent deux conclusions importantes. Premièrement, la privation économique, les attitudes populaires et l'aliénation politique sont reliées a I'activité de protestation. Deuxièment, les voies de l'activité de protestation sont différentes pour les fermiers plus agés (45 ans et plus) que pour les plus jeunes (moins de 45 ans). Pour les plus vieux fermiers, être membres d'une union de protestation est en fonction d'une privation future anticipée, d'une conformité idéologique, et d'une éloignement du gouvemement provincial. Pour les plus jeunes fermiers une privation relative quant aux aspirations aussi bien qu'à I'éloignement politique sont des facteurs puissants qui les portent à devenir membres. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the direct links between the protest activity of individual Alberta farmers and economic discontent, populist beliefs, and political alienation. The current relevance of the three themes preeminent in accounts of agrarian movements on the Canadian prairies prior to 1950 - economic discontent, populist beliefs, and political alienation - derives from the contemporary structure of farming. More specifically, it is claimed that the structure of farming today equally facilitates protest action. Statistical analyses of data gathered on 133 Alberta farmers in 1974 yield two important findings. First, economic deprivation, populist attitudes, and political alienation are linked to protest activity. Second, the ‘paths’ to protest activity differ for older (45 years and over) and younger (under 45 years) farmers. For older farmers, membership in a protest union is a function of anticipated future deprivation, of ideological congruence, and of estrangement from the provincial government. For younger farmers, relative deprivation with respect to aspirations as well as political estrangement are potent factors inducing membership.