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491.
492.
Marc Brodie 《Social history》2013,38(3):346-361
The very poor and unskilled workers of mid-nineteenth-century London – often termed the ‘casual poor’ due to their irregularity of employment – have been generally portrayed as entirely apolitical, and to have exhibited purely mob responses to the issues of the day. This article suggests that we have not properly understood or ‘read’ the evidence we have of the attitudes towards politics of these people, and that we have assessed their actions purely within the framework of our own understandings. In particular, their views about Chartism, the major working-class political movement of the period, have been a key to how they have been perceived. But our understanding of these views has been distorted by what appeared to be their lack of knowledge of the ‘real’ aims of the movement. Instead, if we look at other types of evidence, such as from the theatre, we can find clues as to how their understandings of such conflicts may simply have been different, and so be able to explain in much more rational terms the actions and beliefs of this historically inarticulate group. 相似文献
493.
Marc Frenette 《Review of Economics of the Household》2011,9(4):523-537
Becker’s Quantity–Quality model (Becker in Demographic and economic change in developed countries, Princeton University Press,
Princeton, pp 209–240, 1960; Becker and Lewis in J Polit Econ 81(2): S279–S288, 1973; Becker and Tomes in J Polit Econ 84(4): S143–S162, 1976) suggests a trade-off between family size and parental investments in children. To date, only Cáceras-Delpiano (J Hum Resour
41(4): 738–754, 2006) tests this theory by considering private school enrolment. This study extends this work by using a unique data set containing
a broader range of parental investments that are arguably linked to parental intentions for producing higher quality children,
such as overall and non-sectarian private school enrolment, the number of computers in the home per child, and saving for
the child’s education. Both studies find that fertility reduces parental investments. However, the literature generally finds
that fertility has no impact on child outcomes. The study offers three potential explanations for this ‘puzzle’. 相似文献
494.
Whether people perceive and respond to low-probability natural hazards is a research question of considerable policy relevance.
We obtain evidence by considering the response of housing choice to tornado risk for manufactured homes. The vulnerability
of manufactured housing, combined with its growing share of the U.S. housing market, has led to proposed mandates for community
shelters in mobile home parks. Expected utility theory, however, predicts that households should account for tornado risk
in their housing choice. We test for an effect of tornado risk on manufactured housing demand using cross-sectional state
data, as well as counties in three tornado prone states. We find that people do respond to tornado risk; our estimates indicate
that each expected annual state tornado death per million residents reduces demand for manufactured homes by about 3%. The
estimated quantity effect is consistent with the market studies of the price elasticity of manufactured homes. 相似文献
495.
Marc Sobel 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(8):2813-2823
Suppose we observe two independent random vectors each having a multivariate normal distribution with covariance matrix known up to an unknown scale factor σ . The first random vector has a known mean vector while the second has an unknown mean vector. Interest centers around finding confidence intervals for σ2 with confidence coefficient 1 ? α. Standard results show that, when we only observe the first random vector, an optimal (i.e., smallest length) confidence interval C, based on the well-known chi- squared statistic, can be constructed for σ2 . When we additionally observe the second random vector, the confidence interval C is no longer optimal for estimating σ2. One criterion useful for detecting the non-optimality of a confidence interval C concerns whether C admits positively or negatively biased relevant subsets. This criterion has recently received a good deal of attention. It is shown here that under some conditions the confidence interval C admits positively biased relevant subsets. Applications of this result to the construction of ‘better‘ unconditional confidence intervals for σ2 are presented. Some simulation results are given to indicate the typical extent of improvement attained. 相似文献
496.
Catherine Schepers Sara De Gieter Roland Pepermans Cindy Du Bois Ralf Caers Marc Jegers 《Nonprofit management & leadership》2005,16(2):191-208
This article reviews research on motivation of employees in the nonprofit sector, with a major emphasis on the motivation of teachers and hospital nursing staff. Although both areas are widely researched in the nonprofit sector, empirical motivation research conducted in schools and hospitals is certainly not extensive. Nevertheless, based on these limited research findings, we derive potential hypotheses for future research in schools and hospitals. 相似文献
497.
Geert Molenberghs Tomasz Burzykowski Ariel Alonso Pryseley Assam Abel Tilahun Marc Buyse 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》2008
For a number of reasons, surrogate endpoints are considered instead of the so-called true endpoint in clinical studies, especially when such endpoints can be measured earlier, and/or with less burden for patient and experimenter. Surrogate endpoints may occur more frequently than their standard counterparts. For these reasons, it is not surprising that the use of surrogate endpoints in clinical practice is increasing. 相似文献
498.
Cind Du Bois Ralf Caers Marc Jegers Rein De Cooman Sara De Gieter Roland Pepermans 《Nonprofit management & leadership》2009,20(2):165-183
Detecting agency problems is an important task when assessing the effectiveness of a nonprofit organization's governance. A first step is to examine the objectives of principals and agents and determine whether there is a systematic difference between them. Using a discrete choice experiment, we identify the objectives of board chairpersons (principals) and headmasters (agents) of Flemish nonprofit schools. We find systematic differences between the two groups. Of the seven possible objectives set out in the experiment, six are relevant for both headmasters and board chairpersons. For four of these, the preferences of both groups differ significantly. Whereas ideological values play an important role for both the board and the headmaster, they are significantly more important for the board. Both parties dislike having a large number of pupils, and the disutility is larger for the board. With respect to job satisfaction and pupil satisfaction, we find the opposite: while the board is prepared to give up pupil and job satisfaction in favor of the other objectives, these two objectives score very high on the priority list of the headmasters. 相似文献
499.
Bauermeister JA Johns MM Pingel E Eisenberg A Santana ML Zimmerman M 《Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling》2011,5(2):102-121
Research examining how sexual minorities characterize love within same-sex relationships is scarce. In this study, we examined the validity of Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love in a sample of sexual minority male youth (N = 447). To test the adequacy of the theory for our population, we examined the psychometric properties of the Triadic Love Scale (TLS) and tested whether the three underlying constructs of the theory (Intimacy, Passion, and Commitment) emerged when participants were asked to consider their ideal relationship with another man. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), we found support for the three-factor solution to characterize sexual minority male youths' ideal romantic relationship, after minimizing item cross-loadings and adapting the content of the Passion subscale. We discuss the implications of our findings regarding the measurement of the TLS among sexual minority male youth and propose ways to enhance its measurement in future research. 相似文献
500.
Robert Baur Eva G. T. Green Marc Helbling 《Journal of ethnic and migration studies》2016,42(11):1748-1773
Radical right parties are not equally successful across or within all countries. Most studies have up to now relied on socio-economic, socio-structural and political factors to explain these differences. We examine whether the immigration-related political culture – consisting of integration policies and shared conservative values – in which voters are embedded influences radical right voting. We argue that more exclusive immigration-culture is related to more support for radical right parties. Furthermore, the relationship between immigration attitudes and radical right support is expected to be moderated by immigration-culture. With multilevel regression models using data from the 2011 Swiss Electoral Studies (SELECTS) we compare the effect of immigration-culture in 26 Swiss cantons. We find that cantonal immigration-culture (assessed with integration regimes and shared conservative beliefs) increases radical right support and the effect of individuals' immigration attitude on radical right support is stronger when immigration-culture is exclusive. 相似文献