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421.
The present note first discusses the concept of s-convex pain functions in decision theory. Then, the economic behavior of an agent with such a pain function is represented through the comparison of some recursive lotteries. 相似文献
422.
Civil society, and non‐government organizations (NGOs) in particular, have become a research interest in international business (IB). The purpose of this paper is to review scholarly understandings of the nature and significance of NGOs in IB. Contributions from complementary research domains are also explored with a view to encouraging greater interdisciplinary integration in analysing the NGO sector and in particular its relations with multinational enterprises (MNEs). These domains are: strategic alliances and resource dependency; global governance and multilateralism; public management; and regulation theory. The primary argument is that such interdisciplinarity may facilitate more innovative IB treatments of the role of NGOs, reflecting more adequately their strategic environment and motivations. Moreover, including a multitude of perspectives helps to address broader issues identified by scholars as pivotal to the future standing of the field: the nature of strategic agency among organizations other than MNEs; the interpretation of globalization and its implications for organizations; and whether IB is too isolated from the other social sciences. 相似文献
423.
There is more to contracts than incompleteness: a review and assessment of empirical research on inter-firm contract design 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marco Furlotti 《Journal of Management and Governance》2007,11(1):61-99
This paper aims at achieving a greater understanding of how contracts operate in practice through a review of recent empirical
literature on inter-firm contract design. Our focus on the structure of contractual agreements differentiates this review
from others that dedicated ample coverage also to the antecedents of the decision to contract and of the choice of contracting
versus integration. Our framework develops Stinchcombe’s (Organization Theory and Project Management, 1985) hypothesis that
contracts are an organizational phenomenon. This allows us to uncover considerable but unevenly distributed evidence on a
number of organizational processes formalized in relational contracts, which partially overlap with the processes that are
observed in integrated organizations. It also enables us to describe contracts in terms of a larger number of dimensions than
is commonly appreciated. The paper summarizes the evidence by proposing a general and tentative framework to guide the design
of relational contracts, discusses a number of lingering issues, and outlines directions for further research on contracts
as an organizational phenomenon.
相似文献
Marco FurlottiEmail: |
424.
Abstract. In this paper, by distinguishing between the decisions made by the workers and those made by the firms, we provide a probabilistic evaluation of the transition from temporary to permanent employment in a regional context. Specifically, by exploiting a multinomial nested logit strategy of estimation, we find that the transition to a permanent job is far from certain, especially for women and older workers. 相似文献
425.
Giuliana Carello Federico Della Croce Andrea Grosso Marco Locatelli 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2006,11(4):373-385
In this note we introduce a graph problem, called Maximum Node Clustering (MNC). We prove that the problem (which is easily
shown to be strongly NP-complete) can be approximated in polynomial time within a ratio arbitrarily close to 2. For the special case where the graph
is a tree, the problem is NP-complete in the ordinary sense; for this case we present a pseudopolynomial algorithm based on dynamic programming, and a
related Fully Polynomial Time Approximation Scheme (FPTAS). Also, the tree case is shown to be exactly solvable in
time, where n is the number of nodes. 相似文献
426.
Marco Casari 《Journal of Risk and Uncertainty》2009,38(2):117-141
An agent with dynamically inconsistent preferences may deviate from her plan of action as the future draws near. An exponential
discounter may do exactly the same when facing an uncertain future. Through an experiment we compare preference-based vs.
uncertainty-based explanations for choice reversal over time by eliciting choices for pre-commitment and flexibility. Evidence
of widespread commitment favors a preference-based explanation.
相似文献
Marco CasariEmail: |
427.
428.
Egalitarianism presents the problem of baseline-dependence: egalitarianism from where? No collective choice can be egalitarian for all choices of a baseline. So the question arises as to whether and how the egalitarian program can be weakened in order to be compatible with baseline-independence. I characterize the set of choices that satisfy a minimal degree of inequality-aversion, embodied in the generalized Lorenz criterion, independently of the choice of a baseline. It turns out that this set coincides with the Lorenz-Utilitarian set, the set of Utilitarian choices which are not Lorenz dominated for any choice of baseline. Either this set is empty or it coincides with the Utilitarian set (when this is a singleton). Moreover, I also characterize the full Utilitarian set by using a standard requirement of impartiality (the Suppes-Sen criterion). 相似文献
429.
430.
The assumption of multivariate normality provides the customary powerful and convenient ways of analysing multivariate data: if the data are not normal, the analysis may often be simplified by an appropriate transformation. In this context, the most widely used test is the likelihood ratio, which requires the maximum likelihood estimate of the transformation parameter for each variable. Given that this estimate can only be found numerically, when the number of variables is large (> 20) it is impossible or infeasible to compute the test. In this paper we introduce alternative tests which do not require the maximum likelihood estimate of the transformation parameters and prove algebraically their relationships. We also give insights both using theoretical arguments and a robust simulation study, based on the forward search algorithm, about the distribution of the tests previously introduced. 相似文献