非常规突发事件应急征用补偿机制

健全的应急征用补偿机制有利于行政相对人的合法权益得到有效保障,有利于提高救援的速度和政府的公信力.对我国当前的应急征用补偿机制在立法、补偿主体、补偿范围、补偿标准、补偿程序和补偿救济等方面进行分析,结果表明:我国应急征用补偿制度存在法律规定不健全、补偿主体不确定、补偿范围不明确、补偿标准不统一、补偿程序不完善和补偿救济不到位等问题.在此基础上,提出了解决上述问题的措施.认为:这些措施对健全我国应急征用补偿机制,提高应急征用的效率,构建和谐社会具有一定的理论指导意义.     

沈阳审判与纽伦堡、东京、南京审判比较研究

1956年6月9日，中华人民共和国最高人民法院特别军事法庭在现今沈阳北陵电影院旧址，对侵华日本主要战犯进行了历史性的审判。在这次审判中，中国政府对日本战犯实行特殊的宽大政策，日本战犯也都表示诚心悔过，在自己余生中愿为中日两国人民的长久友谊做一点贡献。沈阳审判之所以取得这样的成功，当然首先是中国政府的英明决策，但与总结和借鉴组伦堡、东京和南京审判的经验，也有密切的关系。纽伦堡审判开创了审判战犯这种模式的先河，并针对审判二战战犯制定了相应的罪名，扫清了法律上的障碍，东京和南京审判相继出现政治干预法律的情形，这些郝对沈阳审判产生了重要的影响。     

Globale ökonomische Eliten? Eine Globalisierungsthese auf dem Prüfstand der Empirie

Does globalization lead to global markets for managers and international careers? The hypothesis of the globalization literature, that a transnational management is emerging out of a global “war of talents” is examinded by using data on the migration of managers from the U.S., East Asia and Germany. The data show, that no significant brain drain between these countries is taking place and “brain circulation” of insiders with short-term stays abroad is the dominant career pattern. The less likely the exchange of an installed CEO, the more career systems are used for status achievement by Clans and the stronger the influence of informal cultural rules, the higher is the rate of insiders. Thus, between the U.S., Germany and East Asia no significant global markets for managers are evolving.     

巨额财产来源不明罪若干诉讼问题探讨

巨额财产来源不明罪不存在证明责任转移的问题,犯罪嫌疑人提供证据说明其财产来源是在履行实体义务。初始的责令说明只是处于尚未立案的初查阶段。只有检察机关才具有刑法所要求的责令说明权。判决生效后查明财产来源的,仍应维持原判。     

Woodland fragments in urban landscapes are important bat areas: an example of the endangered Bechstein’s bat Myotis bechsteinii

Urban Ecosystems - Urban areas are increasing globally causing fragmentation and loss of habitats for many forest dwelling species. At the same time new habitats are created, which may be exploited...     

Estimating the Spot Covariation of Asset Prices—Statistical Theory and Empirical Evidence

ABSTRACT

We propose a new estimator for the spot covariance matrix of a multi-dimensional continuous semimartingale log asset price process, which is subject to noise and nonsynchronous observations. The estimator is constructed based on a local average of block-wise parametric spectral covariance estimates. The latter originate from a local method of moments (LMM), which recently has been introduced by Bibinger et al.. We prove consistency and a point-wise stable central limit theorem for the proposed spot covariance estimator in a very general setup with stochastic volatility, leverage effects, and general noise distributions. Moreover, we extend the LMM estimator to be robust against autocorrelated noise and propose a method to adaptively infer the autocorrelations from the data. Based on simulations we provide empirical guidance on the effective implementation of the estimator and apply it to high-frequency data of a cross-section of Nasdaq blue chip stocks. Employing the estimator to estimate spot covariances, correlations, and volatilities in normal but also unusual periods yields novel insights into intraday covariance and correlation dynamics. We show that intraday (co-)variations (i) follow underlying periodicity patterns, (ii) reveal substantial intraday variability associated with (co-)variation risk, and (iii) can increase strongly and nearly instantaneously if new information arrives. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

Protecting the Old in a Young Economy: Old Age Insurance in the West Bank and Gaza Strip

Taking the West Bank and Gaza Strip as a reference point, this paper looks at social protection in developing economies, which are beset by economic stagnation, widespread poverty and unemployment. If the main breadwinner dies, is unable to work or is an older person, these factors are prime causes of absolute poverty. This is hardly surprising, since private and public systems of social security are totally inadequate in this area in particular. Current thinking on social security suggests that what is needed is the rapid introduction of a comprehensive system of retirement provision, comprising a mandatory capital-funded insurance component, with defined contributions, administered on a decentralized basis; and a state-administered pay-as-you-go basic insurance component with lump-sum transfers to safeguard the poorest. A system of this kind works to prevent poverty in old age by redistributing funds from some individuals to others and ensuring an income for life, and it represents a compromise between a fair return on what people have contributed and a fair distribution over society as a whole. It is thus a major force for stability in society.     

Verarmungsrisiken nach kritischen Lebensereignissen in Deutschland und den USA

We study how the impact of job loss, sickness, retirement, and family dissolution on the risk of relative income poverty differs between Germany and the United States, and whether the impact of these events has changed between 1980 and 2009. Americans are more likely than Germans to enter poverty after any of the four events, yet they also recover more quickly from job loss and family dissolution. Comparisons over time do not indicate a secular rise in the impact of critical life events on poverty risks, but our results show that poverty trajectories are subject to stronger cyclical fluctuations in the United States: Through its emphasis on market mechanisms, the liberal American welfare state raises the importance of (re-)employment opportunities for coping with the consequences of adverse life events. The absence of clear long-term trends leads to a reassessment of common views about welfare state change such as Jacob Hacker??s thesis of a ??Great Risk Shift?? or the notion of an ??Americanization?? of Continental European welfare states. So far, there is also little evidence that the often claimed recalibration of welfare states towards ??new social risks?? has alleviated the adverse economic consequences of family dissolution.