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91.
Jacqui Smith Markus Borchelt Heiner Maier & Daniela Jopp 《The Journal of social issues》2002,58(4):715-732
Most individuals experience a decline in health status during old age. Paradoxically, there are proposals that older adults nevertheless maintain a positive sense of well–being, an indicator of successful aging. Data from the Berlin Aging Study (BASE: Baltes & Mayer, 1999), a locally representative sample of men and women aged 70 to 100+ ( N = 516, M = 85 years), suggest that cumulative health–related chronic life strains set a constraint on the potential of oldest old individuals to experience the positive side of life. The young old in BASE reported significantly higher positive SWB than did the oldest old. Chronic illness and functional impairments (e.g., vision, hearing, mobility, strength) limit well–being especially in very old age. 相似文献
92.
Matching estimators and optimal bandwidth choice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Optimal bandwidth choice for matching estimators and their finite sample properties are examined. An approximation to their MSE is derived, as a basis for a plug-in bandwidth selector. In small samples, this approximation is not very accurate, though. Alternatively, conventional cross-validation bandwidth selection is considered and performs rather well in simulation studies: Compared to standard pair-matching, kernel and ridge matching achieve reductions in MSE of about 25 to 40%. Local linear matching and weighting perform poorly. Furthermore, the scope for developing better bandwidth selectors seems to be limited for ridge matching, but non-negligible for kernel and local linear matching. 相似文献
93.
Univ.-Prof. Dr. Utz Schäffer Dipl.-Bw. Christoph Binder Dr. Markus Gmür 《Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft》2006,76(4):395-440
Zusammenfassung Controlling ist eine vergleichsweise junge Teildisziplin der Betriebswirtschaftslehre, die sich mittlerweile in Praxis und
Wissenschaft etabliert hat. Das Wissen über seine Entwicklung ist in weiten Teilen noch unscharf und weitgehend durch „anecdotal
evidence” bestimmt. Die Autoren verfolgen daher in ihrem Aufsatz das Ziel, einen Beitrag zum besseren Verst?ndnis der Strukturen
und Entwicklung der deutschsprachigen Controllingforschung zu leisten. Hierfür analysieren sie die Zitations-und Kozitationsstrukturen
in 643 Beitr?gen zu Controllingthemen, die im Zeitraum von 1970 bis 2003 in sechs führenden wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften
im deutschen Sprachraum ver?ffentlicht wurden. Diese Beitr?ge enthalten insgesamt 18.125 Quellen. Im Ergebnis der Analysen
zeigt sich, dass das Zitierverhalten in der Controllingforschung im Vergleich zu anderen betriebswirtschaftlichen Teildisziplinen
durch eine Reihe von Besonderheiten gepr?gt ist und dass sich die Strukturen der deutschsprachigen Controllingforschung über
die Zeit stark ver?ndert haben.
Structure and development of research on controlling — a citation analysis papers on controlling in German speaking journals from 1970 through 2003
Summary Controlling is a relatively young discipline in the field of business administration, which has now established itself in practice as well as in theory. Our knowledge about its development is for the most part still diffuse and dominated by anecdotal evidence. In their paper, the authors pursue the goal of contributing to a better understanding of the structures and the development of the German-speaking research in controlling. For this purpose, they analyze the citations-and co-citations structures of 643 articles, focusing on controlling aspects published in six leading Germanic academic journals between 1970 and 2003. These papers comprise a total of 18,125 sources. The results of the analyses show that the attitude to cite in controlling research, compared to other disciplines in business administration, is characterized by a number of features. Furthermore, the structures of German controlling research have changed significantly over time.
相似文献
94.
Summary This paper addresses the problem of portfolio selection in finance. In many cases, currently available software to compute
the efficient frontier runs into difficulty in problems with more than about 600 securities. To proceed beyond this size,
it is often necessary to modify the problem in which case there is typically a loss of information. In this paper, we discuss
a computer capability that can exactly compute mean-variance efficient frontiers of problems with up to 2,000 securities in
very reasonable time (even if a problem’s covariance matrix is 100% dense).
The paper also discusses an augmentation to the theory of portfolio selection that allows multiple objectives (such as dividends,
liquidity, social responsibility, amount invested in R&D, and so forth) to be incorporated into the portfolio selection process.
In such problems, the efficient set is no longer a “frontier,” but is now best described as a “surface” with the interesting
property that it is composed of platelets (like on the back of a turtle). Moreover, the computer capability that can compute
the exact efficient frontier of a mean-variance problem with up to 2,000 securities also has, after additional coding, the
ability to compute exactly all platelets of the efficient surface of a tri-criterion portfolio problem with up to 400 securities.
Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit stellen wir einen leistungsf?higen Rechenalgorithmus vor, um den effizienten Rand (die nichtdominierten Alternativen) von Portfolio-Auswahlproblemen in der Finanzierung zu bestimmen. Wir bezeichnen den Berechnungsalgorithmus, der in Java programmiert ist, mit MPQ (multi-parametric quadratic programming). MPQ weist gegenüber bisherigen Berechnungsverfahren eine Reihe von Vorteilen auf: Es kann für umfangreiche Anwendungsf?lle genutzt werden, ist durch passable Rechenzeiten charakterisiert und kann die Menge effizienter Alternativen in einem Bruchteil bisher üblicher Rechenzeiten bestimmen.相似文献
95.
Dipl.-Kfm Jan Markus Mai 《Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft》2006,76(12):1225-1253
Zusammenfassung Aus der Empfehlung des IDW, die für die Unternehmensbewertung mittels der DCF-Verfahren erforderlichen Kapitalkosten aus dem
einperiodigen Tax-CAPM abzuleiten, ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, dieses Modell mehrperiodig anzuwenden. Sowohl die hierzu
erforderlichen Pr?missen als auch die Struktur der aus der mehrperiodigen Anwendung resultierenden Bewertungsgleichungen sind
bislang ungekl?rt. Der vorliegende Beitrag spezifiziert ein mehrperiodiges Tax-CAPM, welches zur Bewertung mehrperiodiger
stochastischer Cash-Flows bei differenzierter Besteuerung von Zinsen, Dividenden und Wert?nderungen eingesetzt werden kann.
Die aus der Anwendung dieses Modells resultierenden Bewertungsgleichungen erm?glichen die Abbildung sowohl des Risikos als
auch der Besteuerung einer durch den Kapitalmarkt bestimmten Alternativanlage mittels deterministischer Diskontierungsfaktoren,
welche die Kapitalkosten der zu bewertenden Cash-Flows darstellen. Unter den restriktiven Pr?missen des vorliegenden Modells
ist es demnach m?glich, die Einkommensbesteuerung der Kapitalgeber konsistent in die DCF-Verfahren zu integrieren.
Der Autor dankt zwei anonymen Gutachtern der ZfB für wertvolle Hinweise und Verbesserungsvorschl?ge. 相似文献
96.
Markus Klein 《Research in social stratification and mobility》2011,29(4):427-444
The paper investigates long-term trends in the association between educational attainment and class destinations in Germany. Most recent evidence for several European countries reveals a downward effect of education on social class. To test changes in the association in Germany I use the 1976–2007 waves of the German Microcensus (GMC), which is a nationally representative, repeated cross-sectional survey. For Germany, log-linear models indicate that the relationship between education and class destinations remains rather constant for both sexes. I also find that returns to higher education in access to service class positions do not consistently decline either. Only university graduates’ relative access chances slightly decreased in comparison to Abitur-holders from the 1980s to the 1990s. In order to consider compositional changes in the service class in more detail, I further disaggregate the service class into three types of employment: administrative/managerial positions, professional experts and professional positions in the social services. In fact, I find that access to administrative and managerial positions is less dependent on education than access to the professions. While professional positions in the social services become less stratified by education over time, it is compensated by a reverse development for professional experts. As substantially more employees work in administrative and managerial jobs since the 1970s, the slight reduction in university returns can indeed be attributed to a compositional effect. In spite of these qualitative and quantitative changes, the strong impact of education on access to the service class does not become blurred. The paper concludes that the persistent institutional framework in Germany does not lead to a decline in the overall association between educational attainment and class destinations. 相似文献
97.
Maria Licata Markus Paulus Claudia Thoermer Susanne Kristen Amanda L. Woodward Beate Sodian 《Social Development》2014,23(2):340-356
The current study investigated the relationship between mother–child interaction quality and infants' ability to interpret actions as goal‐directed at 7 months in a sample of 37 dyads. Interaction quality was assessed in a free play interaction using two distinct methods: one assessed the overall affective quality (emotional availability), and one focused on the mother's proclivity to treat her infant as an intentional agent (mind‐mindedness). Furthermore, infants' ability to interpret human actions as goal‐directed was assessed. Analyses revealed that only maternal emotional availability, and not maternal mind‐mindedness, was related to infants' goal‐encoding ability. This link remained stable even when controlling for child temperament, working memory, and maternal education. These findings provide first evidence that emotionally available caregiving promotes social‐cognitive development in preverbal infants. 相似文献
98.
Markus Kröger 《Globalizations》2018,15(5):581-592
Deforestation has risen sharply in Brazil since 2012, and conservation areas are facing increased pressure. This article studies the rise of so-called ‘sustainable’, ‘communitarian’, and/or ‘cooperative’ logging schemes inside multiple-use conservation areas in the Amazon. The findings, based on fresh field research in Acre and Pará, reveal conflicts, problems, and risks associated with logging schemes, although they are portrayed in the international timber trade as certified and socio-environmentally sustainable solutions that help conservation. However, the expansion of logging presents a danger for curtailing forest degradation, fires, and corruption that is linked to the fast returns from sale of timber, especially inside conservation areas that have been mostly intact until now. There is an urgent need to change the strategy of promoting logging as a key source of income for forest-dwellers, and a need to change the policies allowing the expansion of ‘sustainable logging’. 相似文献
99.
100.
During the recent financial and economic crisis, trade unions and employers’ associations have increasingly concluded collective agreements on so-called “collegial temporary work” that enables flexible deployment of employees, especially for small and medium sized enterprises. Empirical results show large differences in the application of those collective agreements: While the possibilities of the agreements were sometimes actively used in some regions, companies in other regions avoided implementation – despite their potential to cope with important challenges of economic crises and skill shortages. The paper selects a structuration theory perspective to analyze the reasons for the differences in the practice of this human resource management strategy by comparing two German regions (Braunschweig and the Ruhr area). The differences in the practices can be traced back to regional cultural patterns, interests of key actors, and the degree of involvement during the implementation period. 相似文献