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Petri Laukka Clas Linnman Fredrik Åhs Anna Pissiota Örjan Frans Vanda Faria Åsa Michelgård Lieuwe Appel Mats Fredrikson Tomas Furmark 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2008,32(4):195-214
This study investigated the effects of anxiety on nonverbal aspects of speech using data collected in the framework of a large
study of social phobia treatment. The speech of social phobics (N = 71) was recorded during an anxiogenic public speaking task both before and after treatment. The speech samples were analyzed
with respect to various acoustic parameters related to pitch, loudness, voice quality, and temporal aspects of speech. The
samples were further content-masked by low-pass filtering (which obscures the linguistic content of the speech but preserves
nonverbal affective cues) and subjected to listening tests. Results showed that a decrease in experienced state anxiety after
treatment was accompanied by corresponding decreases in (a) several acoustic parameters (i.e., mean and maximum voice pitch,
high-frequency components in the energy spectrum, and proportion of silent pauses), and (b) listeners’ perceived level of
nervousness. Both speakers’ self-ratings of state anxiety and listeners’ ratings of perceived nervousness were further correlated
with similar acoustic parameters. The results complement earlier studies on vocal affect expression which have been conducted
on posed, rather than authentic, emotional speech. 相似文献
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Jonas Sundell Ezra Haaf Tommy Norberg Claes Aln Mats Karlsson Lars Rosn 《Risk analysis》2019,39(1):105-124
Groundwater leakage into subsurface constructions can cause reduction of pore pressure and subsidence in clay deposits, even at large distances from the location of the construction. The potential cost of damage is substantial, particularly in urban areas. The large‐scale process also implies heterogeneous soil conditions that cannot be described in complete detail, which causes a need for estimating uncertainty of subsidence with probabilistic methods. In this study, the risk for subsidence is estimated by coupling two probabilistic models, a geostatistics‐based soil stratification model with a subsidence model. Statistical analyses of stratification and soil properties are inputs into the models. The results include spatially explicit probabilistic estimates of subsidence magnitude and sensitivities of included model parameters. From these, areas with significant risk for subsidence are distinguished from low‐risk areas. The efficiency and usefulness of this modeling approach as a tool for communication to stakeholders, decision support for prioritization of risk‐reducing measures, and identification of the need for further investigations and monitoring are demonstrated with a case study of a planned tunnel in Stockholm. 相似文献
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Magnus Karlsson Eva Jeppsson Grassman Jan‐Hkan Hansson 《Nonprofit management & leadership》2002,13(2):155-167
This article identifies two different perspectives used when studying self‐help groups: the professional treatment perspective and the voluntary action perspective. An outline of the perspectives leads to a discussion of their consequences for self‐help group research. The authors categorize about five hundred scientific publications from all over the world on the basis of the perspectives they present on self‐help groups; the results indicate that different perspectives seem to be preferred in different countries and when discussing different subjects. Finally, the authors suggest questions and concepts that the perspectives generate, and they emphasize the importance of being aware of which perspective is used in the study of self‐help groups. 相似文献
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A finite mixture of Tobit models is suggested for estimation of regression models with a censored response variable. A mixture of models is not primarily adapted due to a true component structure in the population; the flexibility of the mixture is suggested as a way of avoiding non-robust parametrically specified models. The new estimator has several interesting features. One is its potential to yield valid estimates in cases with a high degree of censoring. The estimator is in a Monte Carlo simulation compared with earlier suggestions of estimators based on semi-parametric censored regression models. Simulation results are partly in favor of the proposed estimator and indicate potentials for further improvements. 相似文献
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Causal effects are usually estimated under the assumption of no interference between individuals. This assumption means that the potential outcomes for one individual are unaffected by the treatments received by other individuals. In many situations, this is not reasonable to assume. Moreover, not taking interference into account could result in misleading conclusions about the effect of a treatment. For two-stage observational studies, where treatment assigment is randomized in the first stage but not in the second stage, we propose IPW estimators of direct and indirect causal effects as defined by Hudgens and Halloran (J Am Stat Assoc 103(482):832–842, 2008) for two-stage randomized studies. We illustrate the use of these estimators in an evaluation study of an implementation of Triple P (a parenting support program) within preschools in Uppsala, Sweden. 相似文献
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Mahmood Arai Jonas Karlsson Michael Lundholm 《Journal of the European Economic Association》2011,9(5):1002-1011
This study is a replication of “Are Muslim Immigrants Different in terms of Cultural Integration?” by Alberto Bisin, Eleonora Patacchini, Thierry Verdier and Yves Zenou, published in the Journal of the European Economic Association, 6, 445–456, 2008. Bisin et al. (2008) report that they have 5,963 observations in their study. Using their empirical setup, we can only identify 1,901 relevant observations in the original data. After removing missing values we are left with 818 observations. We cannot replicate any of their results and our estimations yield no support for their claims. 相似文献
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Josephine Heap Carin Lennartsson Mats Thorslund 《International Journal of Social Welfare》2013,22(2):130-140
Heap J, Lennartsson C, Thorslund M. Coexisting disadvantages across the adult age span: a comparison of older and younger age groups in the Swedish welfare state To experience coexisting disadvantages – the simultaneous lack of several different welfare resources – implies a hampered ability to manage one's living conditions. Here, we study coexisting disadvantages in the oldest population compared with younger age groups in Sweden, by drawing on two linked, nationally representative surveys (n = 5,392). The measurement of coexisting disadvantages included physical health, psychological health, frequency of social contact, cash margin and political resources. The highest odds of coexisting disadvantages were found after age 75 – age groups that are frequently excluded from studies of coexisting disadvantages. This pattern persisted when controlling for socio‐demographic and socio‐economic characteristics. The age pattern was partly driven by the high prevalence of physical health problems in the older population. However, even when excluding physical health problems, the odds of coexisting disadvantages were highest among people older than 85 – the fastest‐growing segment of the population in many Western countries. 相似文献
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