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51.
This note describes some of the safety and security concerns posed by the transportation of highly enriched uranium (HEU) from a nuclear research reactor located in Bogota (Colombia) to a port on the Colombian Caribbean coast. The operation was made at a moment of extremely high guerilla activity in Colombia, so that the decision-problem belongs in the extension of risk analysis known as threat analysis. By invoking a principle of dispreference for probability based on the concept of stochastic dominance, a qualitative risk comparison was made between the road and air alternatives. 相似文献
52.
Sara A. Lowther Sigrun Roesel Patrick O'Connor Mauricio Landaverde George Oblapenko Sergei Deshevoi Goel Ajay Ann Buff Hala Safwat Mbaye Salla Rudi Tangermann Nino Khetsuriani Rebecca Martin Steven Wassilak 《Risk analysis》2013,33(4):664-679
While global polio eradication requires tremendous efforts in countries where wild polioviruses (WPVs) circulate, numerous outbreaks have occurred following WPV importation into previously polio‐free countries. Countries that have interrupted endemic WPV transmission should continue to conduct routine risk assessments and implement mitigation activities to maintain their polio‐free status as long as wild poliovirus circulates anywhere in the world. This article reviews the methods used by World Health Organization (WHO) regional offices to qualitatively assess risk of WPV outbreaks following an importation. We describe the strengths and weaknesses of various risk assessment approaches, and opportunities to harmonize approaches. These qualitative assessments broadly categorize risk as high, medium, or low using available national information related to susceptibility, the ability to rapidly detect WPV, and other population or program factors that influence transmission, which the regions characterize using polio vaccination coverage, surveillance data, and other indicators (e.g., sanitation), respectively. Data quality and adequacy represent a challenge in all regions. WHO regions differ with respect to the methods, processes, cut‐off values, and weighting used, which limits comparisons of risk assessment results among regions. Ongoing evaluation of indicators within regions and further harmonization of methods between regions are needed to effectively plan risk mitigation activities in a setting of finite resources for funding and continued WPV circulation. 相似文献
53.
Ganci Carolina Cunha Provete Diogo B. Püttker Thomas Lindenmayer David Almeida-Gomes Mauricio 《Urban Ecosystems》2022,25(2):633-642
Urban Ecosystems - The rapid expansion of urban areas in which natural and semi-natural areas are replaced by human infrastructure, is a major threat to biodiversity worldwide. However, little is... 相似文献