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51.
An integrated risk management strategy, combining insurance and security investments, where the latter contribute to reduce the insurance premium, is investigated to assess whether it can lead to reduced overall security expenses. The optimal investment for this mixed strategy is derived under three insurance policies, covering, respectively, all the losses (total coverage), just those below the limit of maximum liability (partial coverage), and those above a threshold but below the maximum liability (partial coverage with deductibles). Under certain conditions (e.g., low potential loss, or either very low or very high vulnerability), the mixed strategy reverts however to insurance alone, because investments do not provide an additional benefit. When the mixed strategy is the best choice, the dominant component in the overall security expenses is the insurance premium in most cases. Optimal investment decisions require an accurate estimate of the vulnerability, whereas larger estimation errors may be tolerated for the investment-effectiveness coefficient. 相似文献
52.
ABSTRACTThe paper describes one of the Italian sprawl drivers: the circle triggered by the use of urban charges to solve budget problems. From 2005 to 2018, Italian municipalities could use urban charges to solve normal budget problems: they could plan new urban areas to provide new urban charges, new building and services, and they could manage old and new services at the expense of normal budget. The planning of unnecessary urban areas was effectively influenced by budget problems. The paper illustrates this issue during a period without open data sources in order to improve land management and environmental sustainability. 相似文献
53.
The Kiyotaki and Wright model has exerted a considerable influence on the monetary search literature. We argue that the model also delivers important insights into a broader range of macroeconomic and development issues. The analysis studies how market frictions and the liquidity of assets affect the distribution of income. Experiments illustrate how the economy adjusts to shocks to asset returns and to the matching technology. They also deal with long‐run transition. An experiment interprets the reversal of fortune hypothesis as a situation in which an economy with a low‐return asset takes over a similar economy with a high‐return asset. (JEL C61, C63, E41, E27, D63) 相似文献
54.
Homeless people usually live in the urban public space. Properly, public space does not belong to any peculiar social group. Public space is designed to let people circulate, and its borders change quickly. Homeless people who live in the public space break up its rules and transform it into their private environment. That is why homeless are often considered “unbearable people” by others. If homeless people want to go on living in the public space they must learn to be invisible to the others. If they want to survive in their “privatized” public space they must not intrude in everyday life routines. This article tries to visualize the symbols which flexibly define the borders between public and private space. 相似文献
55.
Rosita A. Condorelli Aldo E. Calogero Maurizio Di Mauro Laura M. Mongioì Giorgio I. Russo Giuseppe Morgia 《The aging male》2016,19(3):155-160
Purpose: To investigate a possible relation between penile Doppler ultrasound examination (PDUE) parameters and efficacy of chronic therapy with tadalafil (TAD) combined with a protocol of aerobic physical activity (PA) in patients with late onset hypogonadism (LOH). Methods: The study evaluated 30 patients consecutively enrolled with LOH and erectile dysfunction which present contraindication to hormonal replacement therapy for concomitant prostate disease. These patients were subjected to a combined protocol with phosphodiesterase V selective inhibitors (TAD 5?mg daily) and aerobic PA.Results: After three months, we observed significant improvements in erectile function [IIEF-5, median (IQR)?=?13.0 (7.0–18.0) versus 6.0 (5.0–6.75); p?0.01] and of the main metabolic [homeostatic model assessment index, median (IQR)?=?2.5 (1.62–3.37) versus 3.0 (2.0–3.75); p?0.01; body mass index, median (IQR)?=?27.0 (24.0–28.75) versus 27.5 (24.0–29.5)] and vascular parameters [peak systolic velocity, median (IQR)?=?29.5 (24.25–31.0) versus 28.0 (23.0–24.25); acceleration time, median (IQR)?=?114 (105.25–134.0) versus 115.0 (106.5–134.0)], assessed by PDUE.Conclusion: PA in association with phosphodiesterase V inhibitors could compensate the effects of hypogonadism on erectile function and facilitate the clinical response to these drugs even in the absence of adequate serum concentrations of total testosterone. 相似文献
56.
The investment in illiquid financial products introduces multiple profiles of criticality related to the perception of the effective profiles of risk and to the intermediaries’ distributive policies. However, the notion of illiquid product could be affected by some misunderstanding such as the tendency (which constitutes a simplification) to identify it to the trading venue, for which are illiquid only those products negotiated over the counter. In actual fact, it is necessary to estimate an instrument on the base of its characteristics, those of the issuer and the eventual market of negotiation. From a substantial point of view, this has some important implications regarding the regulatory profiles of investor’s protection. The Mifid in Europe set conduct rules to align the behavior of the intermediary regarding the objective to best serve the investor. The harmonization of the conduct rules passes from the implementation of level 3 measures. This paper examines the problem to the light of the implementation of level 3 measures in Italy. 相似文献
57.
The provision of investment services (and the correlated ancillary services) and collective investment services forms part
of the main functions carried out by the securities industry. From an industrial point of view, all the activities defining
the securities industry represent subsequent stages of the production process of the industry. The financial exchange sensu
stricto uses the orders originating from the investment decisions produced in the asset allocation stages as input for the
production process and, in turn, is divided into the order capture, order execution and order processing stages. The presence
of banking intermediaries characterizes all the stages of the production process of the securities industry. This, of course,
has implications in terms of profitability of the banking groups and affects their competitive strategies. 相似文献
58.
59.
Maurizio Rafanelli 《Statistics and Computing》1995,5(1):3-24
The paper gives a review of a number of data models for aggregate statistical data which have appeared in the computer science literature in the last ten years.After a brief introduction to the data model in general, the fundamental concepts of statistical data are introduced. These are called statistical objects because they are complex data structures (vectors, matrices, relations, time series, etc) which may have different possible representations (e.g. tables, relations, vectors, pie-charts, bar-charts, graphs, and so on). For this reason a statistical object is defined by two different types of attribute (a summary attribute, with its own summary type and with its own instances, called summary data, and the set of category attributes, which describe the summary attribute). Some conceptual models of statistical data (CSM, SDM4S), some semantic models of statistical data (SCM, SAM*, OSAM*), and some graphical models of statistical data (SUBJECT, GRASS, STORM) are also discussed. 相似文献
60.
Manos Matsaganis Maurizio Ferrera Luís Capucha Luis Moreno 《Social Policy & Administration》2003,37(6):639-655
The marginal role of social assistance and the absence of minimum income programmes have long been thought to constitute defining characteristics of the southern European model of welfare. Nevertheless, over the 1990s significant innovations in this field have taken place. The paper aims to contribute to the analysis of recent developments by critically examining the experience of anti‐poverty policies in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain. It is argued that the “patchiness” of safety nets in southern Europe is due to a unique set of constraints, the most relevant of which are the role of families and the “softness” of state institutions. A review of national profiles reveals that new policies introduced in all four countries mark progress towards redressing some of the historical imbalances of that welfare model. In particular, fully fledged minimum income schemes now operate in Portugal and in certain Spanish regions, while an experiment involving a number of Italian municipalities is still in progress. In spite of this, the paper concludes that social safety nets in southern Europe remain frail in terms of institutional design as well as political support and legitimacy. 相似文献